-iō

-i + -ō== Latin ==

Etymology 1

Suffix -ō on i-stems.

Suffix

-iō f (genitive -iōnis); third declension

1. Used to form abstract nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

The suffix -iō is added to a verb to create a third-declension feminine abstract noun.

Examples:

legiō, from legō

regiō, from regō

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-iō	-iōnēs
Genitive	-iōnis	-iōnum
Dative	-iōnī	-iōnibus
Accusative	-iōnem	-iōnēs
Ablative	-iōne	-iōnibus
Vocative	-iō	-iōnēs

Synonyms

• -tus

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -io (abstract noun)

Further reading

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Extension of -ō (possibly by rebracketing).

Suffix

-iō m (genitive -iōnis); third declension

1. Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms various nouns designating persons that are characterized by or related to the base word, such as nicknames or names of professions.
2. Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms certain nouns designating things; often described as a kind of diminutive.

Usage notes

Personal appellations ending in -iō appear to have often had a derogatory or pejorative shade of meaning, which in some cases resulted in a sense near that of a diminutive, as in the case of homunciō.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-iō	-iōnēs
Genitive	-iōnis	-iōnum
Dative	-iōnī	-iōnibus
Accusative	-iōnem	-iōnēs
Ablative	-iōne	-iōnibus
Vocative	-iō	-iōnēs

Synonyms

• -ō, -ārius

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -io (animate noun)

Latin terms suffixed with -io (inanimate noun)

Etymology 3

From -i-ō. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-yeti.

Suffix

-iō (present infinitive -iāre, perfect active -iāvī, supine -iātum); first conjugation

1. Used to form factitive verbs from adjectives.

Conjugation

[ more ▼]   Conjugation of -iō (first conjugation)

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
²The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -io (causative)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-iō (present infinitive -ere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation iō-variant

1. Used to form some third conjugation verbs.

Conjugation

[ more ▼]   Conjugation of -iō (third conjugation iō-variant)

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Etymology 5

From i stem+*-yéti (denominative suffix) or later non-inherited fabrications.

Suffix

-iō (present infinitive -īre, perfect active -īvī, supine -ītum); fourth conjugation

1. Used to form fourth conjugation verbs.

Conjugation

[ more ▼]   Conjugation of -iō (fourth conjugation)

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -io (fourth conjugation)