„dō“ – Versionsunterschied

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Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:56 Uhr

Vom uital. *didō, v. uig. *dédeh₃ti, von der Wurzel *deh₃- „geben“. Die Reduplikation ging im Lateinischen im Präsens verloren, bleibt aber in den anderen kursiven Sprachen erhalten. Ein Wurzel-Aorist (von Proto-Indogermanisch *déh₃t) ist im venetischen 𐌆𐌏𐌕𐌏 doto erhalten; die anderen kursiven Perfektformen spiegeln einen reduzierten Stativ wider, *dedai. Allerdings diente möglicherweise die Wurzel aorist als Quelle der lateinischen Präsensformen.^[1] Zu den Verwandten gehören Altgriechisch δίδωμι dídōmi, Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti) und Altpersisch 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (dā-).

Prefixed relatives of this verb are difficult to distinguish from those of Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-; see This is due to Latin's vowel weakening of the root's short -a- (e.g. damus to -dimus, and also the infinitive weakening from *-are to -ere) after the attachment of prefixes, causing these prefixed relatives to analogically assume the third conjugation.

Vorangestellte Verwandte dieses Verbs sind schwer von denen des protoindogermanischen *dʰeh₁- zu unterscheiden; siehe *-dere. Dies liegt an der Vokalschwächung des kurzen -a- der Wurzel im Lateinischen (z. B. damus zu -dimus und auch der Infinitivschwächung von *-are zu -ere) nach dem Anhängen von Präfixen, was dazu führt, dass diese vorangestellten Verwandten analog die dritte Konjugation annehmen .

Verb

dō (present infinitive dare, perfect active dedī, supine datum); first conjugation, irregular

to give
Synonym: dōnō

Tertium non datur.^{law of excluded middle}A third [possibility] is not given: P 𝖵 ¬ P.

to impart, offer, render, present with
Synonyms: reddō, afferō
to afford, grant
Synonym: dōnō
to bestow, confer (on or upon)
Synonym: dōnō
to concede, surrender, yield, deliver, give up
Synonyms: dēdō, addīcō, concēdō, dēcēdō, committō, remittō, trādō, tribuō, dēferō, reddō, cēdō, permittō
to put
to adduce (e.g., a witness)

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /doː/, [d̪oː]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /do/, [d̪ɔː]

[1]

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-= dō =
+[[d-]][[-ō]] [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]] '[[geben]], [[tun]]'
-== <span id="Latin">Latin</span> ==
-=== <span id="Etymology_16">Etymology</span> ===
-<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latnx mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/did%C5%8D#Proto-Italic *didō]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%C3%A9deh%E2%82%83ti#Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti]</em>, from the root <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/deh%E2%82%83-#Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">give</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. The reduplication was lost in Latin in the present tense, but is preserved in the other Italic languages. A root aorist (from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European] <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%C3%A9h%E2%82%83t#Proto-Indo-European *déh₃t]</em>) is preserved in Venetic <em class="Ital mention" lang="xve">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%8C%86%F0%90%8C%8F%F0%90%8C%95%F0%90%8C%8F&action=edit&redlink=1 𐌆𐌏𐌕𐌏]</em><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>''doto''<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>; the other Italic perfect forms reflect a reduplicated stative, <em class="Latnx mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/dedai&action=edit&redlink=1 *dedai]</em>. However, the root aorist possibly served as the source of the Latin present forms.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/do#cite_note-6 [1]]</sup> Cognates include [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language Ancient Greek] <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek δίδωμι]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>''dídōmi''<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_language Sanskrit] <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF#Sanskrit ददाति]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>''dádāti''<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persian_language Old Persian] <em class="Xpeo mention" lang="peo">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8E%AD%F0%90%8E%AD%F0%90%8E%A0%F0%90%8E%AC%F0%90%8E%A2%F0%90%8E%BA#Old_Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>''dā-''<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p><p>Prefixed relatives of this verb are difficult to distinguish from those of Proto-Indo-European <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%CA%B0eh%E2%82%81- *dʰeh₁-]</em>; see <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Latin/-dere *-dere]</em>. This is due to Latin's vowel weakening of the root's short ''-a-'' (e.g. ''damus'' to ''-dimus'', and also the infinitive weakening from ''*-are'' to ''-ere'') after the attachment of prefixes, causing these prefixed relatives to analogically assume the third conjugation.</p>
-=== <span id="Pronunciation_30">Pronunciation</span> ===
-*<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/doː/</span>, <span class="IPA">[d̪oː]</span>
+dō [[Sprachstufe::uig.]] „[[dann]], [[bis]]“
-*<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/do/</span>, <span class="IPA">[d̪ɔː]</span>
-*
-{| class="audiotable"
-|-
-| class="unicode audiolink" | Audio (Classical)
-| class="audiofile" | <span class="mw-tmh-player audio mw-file-element"><span class="mw-tmh-duration mw-tmh-label"><span class="sr-only">Duration: 2 seconds.</span><span aria-hidden="true">0:02</span></span></span>
-|}
+Vom uital. <em class="Latnx mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/didō#Proto-Italic|*didō]]</em>,  v. uig. <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dédeh₃ti#Proto-Indo-European|*dédeh₃ti]]</em>, von der Wurzel *[[deh₃-]] „geben“. Die Reduplikation ging im Lateinischen im Präsens verloren, bleibt aber in den anderen kursiven Sprachen erhalten. Ein Wurzel-Aorist (von Proto-Indogermanisch *[[déh₃t]]) ist im venetischen <em class="Ital mention" lang="xve">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%8C%86%F0%90%8C%8F%F0%90%8C%95%F0%90%8C%8F&action=edit&redlink=1 𐌆𐌏𐌕𐌏]</em> doto erhalten; die anderen kursiven Perfektformen spiegeln einen reduzierten Stativ wider, <em class="Latnx mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/dedai&action=edit&redlink=1 *dedai]</em>. Allerdings diente möglicherweise die Wurzel aorist als Quelle der lateinischen Präsensformen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[[wikt:do#cite_note-6|[1]]]</sup> Zu den Verwandten gehören Altgriechisch <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[[wikt:δίδωμι#Ancient_Greek|δίδωμι]]</em> dídōmi, Sanskrit <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[[wikt:ददाति#Sanskrit|ददाति]]</em> (dádāti) und Altpersisch <em class="Xpeo mention" lang="peo">[[wikt:𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺#Old_Persian|𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺]]</em> (dā-).
+Prefixed relatives of this verb are difficult to distinguish from those of Proto-Indo-European <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-|*dʰeh₁-]]</em>; see  This is due to Latin's vowel weakening of the root's short ''-a-'' (e.g. ''damus'' to ''-dimus'', and also the infinitive weakening from ''*-are'' to ''-ere'') after the attachment of prefixes, causing these prefixed relatives to analogically assume the third conjugation.
+Vorangestellte Verwandte dieses Verbs sind schwer von denen des protoindogermanischen *[[dʰeh₁-]] zu unterscheiden; siehe *[[-dere]]. Dies liegt an der Vokalschwächung des kurzen [[-a-]] der Wurzel im Lateinischen (z. B. damus zu -dimus und auch der Infinitivschwächung von *[[-are]] zu [[-ere]]) nach dem Anhängen von Präfixen, was dazu führt, dass diese vorangestellten Verwandten analog die dritte Konjugation annehmen .
 === <span id="Verb_6">Verb</span> ===
 <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">dō</strong> (''present infinitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dare#Latin dare]</strong>, ''perfect active'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dedi#Latin dedī]</strong>, ''supine'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/datum#Latin datum]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_conjugation first conjugation], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irregular#English irregular]''</p>
-#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/give give] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonym ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
+#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/give give]
 #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dono#Latin dōnō]</span></span>
-#:<div class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">Tertium non '''datur'''.<sup>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/law_of_excluded_middle law of excluded middle]</sup></em>
+#:<div class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">Tertium non '''datur'''.<sup>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/law_of_excluded_middle law of excluded middle]</sup></em><span class="e-translation">A third [possibility] is not '''given''': P 𝖵 ¬ P.</span>
-:#:<span class="e-translation">A third [possibility] is not '''given''': <span class="mwe-math-element">[[file:81813fef3418621bee08895eb7916995763adfa5|alt=P\lor \neg P|54x15px]]</span>.</span>
-</div>
+#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impart impart], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/offer offer], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/render render], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/present present] with
-#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impart impart], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/offer offer], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/render render], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/present present] with <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
 #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reddo#Latin reddō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affero#Latin afferō]</span></span>
-#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afford afford], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grant grant] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonym ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
+#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afford afford], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grant grant]
 #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dono#Latin dōnō]</span></span>
-#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bestow bestow], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confer confer] (''on'' or ''upon'') <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonym ▲]</span>
+#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bestow bestow], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confer confer] (''on'' or ''upon'')
 #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dono#Latin dōnō]</span></span>
-#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concede concede], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surrender surrender], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yield yield], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deliver deliver], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/give_up give up] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span>
+#to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concede concede], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surrender surrender], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yield yield], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deliver deliver], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/give_up give up]
 #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dedo#Latin dēdō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/addico#Latin addīcō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concedo#Latin concēdō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decedo#Latin dēcēdō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/committo#Latin committō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remitto#Latin remittō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trado#Latin trādō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tribuo#Latin tribuō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/defero#Latin dēferō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reddo#Latin reddō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cedo#Latin cēdō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/permitto#Latin permittō]</span></span>
 #to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/put put]
 #to [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adduce adduce] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">e.g., a witness</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span>
+<span id="Pronunciation_30">Pronunciation</span>
+*<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical]]</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/doː/</span>, <span class="IPA">[d̪oː]</span>
+*<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">[[wikipedia:Ecclesiastical_Latin|Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/do/</span>, <span class="IPA">[d̪ɔː]</span>

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:56 Uhr

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