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| <p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Greek_language Proto-Hellenic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="grk-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/k%C9%99t%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1 *kətá]</em>, perhaps from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%E1%B8%B1m%CC%A5-teh%E2%82%82&action=edit&redlink=1 *ḱm̥-teh₂]</em>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%E1%B8%B1%C3%B3m *ḱóm]</em>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%E1%BD%B0#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup></p><p>Cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <em class="Xsux mention" lang="hit">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%92%85%97%F0%92%80%9C%F0%92%8B%AB&action=edit&redlink=1 𒅗𒀜𒋫]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">katta</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">down from, at, with, under</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_languages Tocharian B]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="txb">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/k%C3%A4tk-#Tocharian_B kätk-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to lower</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and perhaps <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Welsh Old Welsh]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="owl">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cant#Old_Welsh cant]</em>, Modern <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language Welsh]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="cy">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gan#Welsh gan]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">with</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p><p>The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.</p>
| | katá [[Sprachstufe::agr.]]<span class="headword-line">κᾰτᾰ́, κατὰ</span> |
| === <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> ===
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| <div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"><span class="vsToggleElement"><span class="NavToggle">[ more ▼]</span> </span><div class="vsShow">
| | Aus uhel. *kətá, vielleicht aus dem uig. *ḱm̥-teh₂, aus *[[ḱóm]]. |
| *[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_phonology key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ka.tá/</span> → <span class="IPA">/kaˈta/</span> → <span class="IPA">/kaˈta/</span>
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| </div></div>
| | Verwandt mit dem hethitischen <em class="Xsux mention" lang="hit">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%92%85%97%F0%92%80%9C%F0%92%8B%AB&action=edit&redlink=1 𒅗𒀜𒋫]</em> (katta, „unten von, bei, mit, unter“), dem tocharischen B <em class="Latn mention" lang="txb">[[wikt:kätk-#Tocharian_B|kätk-]]</em> „senken“ und vielleicht dem altwalisischen <em class="Latn mention" lang="owl">[[wikt:cant#Old_Welsh|cant]]</em> dem modernen walisischen <em class="Latn mention" lang="cy">[[wikt:gan#Welsh|gan]]</em> („mit“). |
| === <span id="Preposition">Preposition</span> === | | |
| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Polyt headword" lang="grc">κᾰτᾰ́</strong> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Ancient_Greek_transliteration •] (<span class="headword-tr tr Latn" dir="ltr" lang="grc-Latn">katá</span>) (''governs the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#genitive genitive] and [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#accusative accusative]'')</span></p>
| | Der Genitiv stammt vom PIE-Ablativ der Trennung. Der Akkusativ stammt aus dem Prä-PIE-Richtungsobjekt und dem PIE-Direktobjekt. |
| #<span class="case-gov">(+ ''genitive'')</span> | | |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/against#English against], opposing | | <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikipedia:Ancient_Greek_phonology|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ka.tá/</span> → <span class="IPA">/kaˈta/</span> → <span class="IPA">/kaˈta/</span> |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/into#English into] | | |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/against#English against] | | === Präposition === |
| #<span class="case-gov">(+ ''accusative'')</span> | | |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downwards#English downwards] | | # κᾰτᾰ́ • (katá) (regelt den Genitiv und Akkusativ) |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/along#English along], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/through#English through], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in#English in] | | # (+Genitiv) |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/towards#English towards] | | ## dagegen, widersprechend |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/during#English during] | | ## hinein |
| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for#English for], for the purpose of | | ## gegen |
| ##according to, in conformity with | | # (+ Akkusativ) |
| | ## nach unten |
| | ## entlang, durch, hinein |
| | ## in Richtung |
| | ## während |
| | ## für, zum Zweck von |
| | ## gemäß, in Übereinstimmung mit |
katá agr.κᾰτᾰ́, κατὰ
Aus uhel. *kətá, vielleicht aus dem uig. *ḱm̥-teh₂, aus *ḱóm.
Verwandt mit dem hethitischen 𒅗𒀜𒋫 (katta, „unten von, bei, mit, unter“), dem tocharischen B kätk- „senken“ und vielleicht dem altwalisischen cant dem modernen walisischen gan („mit“).
Der Genitiv stammt vom PIE-Ablativ der Trennung. Der Akkusativ stammt aus dem Prä-PIE-Richtungsobjekt und dem PIE-Direktobjekt.
Pronunciation IPA(key): /ka.tá/ → /kaˈta/ → /kaˈta/
Präposition
- κᾰτᾰ́ • (katá) (regelt den Genitiv und Akkusativ)
- (+Genitiv)
- dagegen, widersprechend
- hinein
- gegen
- (+ Akkusativ)
- nach unten
- entlang, durch, hinein
- in Richtung
- während
- für, zum Zweck von
- gemäß, in Übereinstimmung mit
