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„possum“ – Versionsunterschied

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Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/possom&action=edit&redlink=1 *possom]</em>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/potis *potis]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="menti…“
 
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<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/possom&action=edit&redlink=1 *possom]</em>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/potis *potis]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">master in control of</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/som *som]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">I am</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Cognates include <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_language Oscan]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="osc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=p%C3%BAttiad&action=edit&redlink=1 púttiad]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">they can</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Picene_language South Picene]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="spx">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puti#South_Picene puti]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">I could</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p>
[[pos-]][[-sum]] [[Sprachstufe::lat.]] '[[kann]] ich, [[fähig]] zu bin ich, [[vermag]] ich'
=== <span id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</span> ===


*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈpos.sum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈpɔs̠ːʊ̃ˑ]</span>
Aus uital. *possom, aus ''*[[potis]]'' „Meister, der die Kontrolle über“ + ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/som|*som]]'' „Ich bin“. Vwndt. sind unter anderem Oscan ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=p%C3%BAttiad&action=edit&redlink=1 púttiad]'' „sie können“ und <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:South_Picene_language|South Picene]]</span> ''[[wikt:puti#South_Picene|puti]]'' „Ich könnte“.
*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈpos.sum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈpɔsːum]</span>


=== <span id="Verb_2">Verb</span> ===
<span id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈpos.sum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈpɔs̠ːʊ̃ˑ],</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈpos.sum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈpɔsːum]</span>
<p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">possum</strong> (''present infinitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posse#Latin posse]</strong>, ''perfect active'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potui#Latin potuī]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_irregular_verbs irregular conjugation], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irregular#English irregular], no [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passive#English passive]''</p>
#be [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/be_able_to#English able] to, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/can#English can], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/may#English may] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms, antonym ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
#:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polleo#Latin polleō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/queo#Latin queō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valeo#Latin valeō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praevaleo#Latin praevaleō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vigeo#Latin vigeō]</span></span>
#:<span class="nyms antonym"><span class="defdate">Antonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nequeo#Latin nequeō]</span></span>
#:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">Tunc, modo edere non '''potuit'''</em> ― <span class="e-translation">At that time, he just '''wasn't able''' to eat</span></span>
#:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''Possum''' Latine loqui</em> ― <span class="e-translation">I '''am able''' to speak in Latin</span></span>
#:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''Potes'''ne mihi succurrere, quaeso?</em> ― <span class="e-translation">'''Can''' you help me please?</span></span>


==== <span id="Conjugation">Conjugation</span> ====
=== Verb ===
<p>This verb is irregular, but synchronously resembles <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum#Latin sum]</em> prefixed with ''pot-''. Several contractions and simplifications occur, however, namely: -ts- → -ss-, -tf- → -t-, -tess- → -ss- (note that <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potens#Latin potēns]</em> does not originate from non-existent ''*fēns'').</p><p>However, while this analysis works synchronically, diachronically, this relationship does not reflect a cognate historical relationship in all cases. For example, Osco-Umbrian forms confirm that a Proto-Italic verb <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pote%C5%8D *poteō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to be master</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> (stem ''*pot-ē-'') must also be reconstructed that, although lost in Latin otherwise, appears to have been the ultimate historical source of ''potuī'' and ''potēns''.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/possum#cite_note-3 [1]]</sup></p><p>In Vulgar Latin, the first person singular is changed to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posso#Latin possō]</em> (causing the verb to be treated like a third conjugation verb (base poss-) in the present subjunctive (''*possam'', ''*possās'')), while the third person plural (''eī''/''eae''/''ea'') ''possunt'' was preserved as such, though the rest of the verb became the second conjugation verb ''potēre'' ((''tu'') ''*potēs'', (''is''/''ea''/''id'') ''*potet'', (''nōs'') ''*potēmus'' and (''vōs'') ''*potētis''), based on forms like ''potuī'' and ''potēns'', just like ''velle'' (infinitive of <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volo#Latin volō]</em>) was reformed to ''*volēre'' after forms like ''voluī'' and ''volēns''.</p>
possum (Präsens Infinitiv ''posse'', Perfekt Aktiv ''potuī''); unregelmäßige Konjugation, unregelmäßig, kein Passiv
 
# fähig, kann, mag, vermag
#* Synonyme: polleō, queō, valeō, praevaleō, vigeō
#* Antonym: nequeō
#* Tunc, modo edere non potuit – Zu dieser Zeit konnte er einfach nicht essen
#* Possum Latine loqui – Ich kann Latein sprechen
#* Potesne mihi succurere, quaeso? - Kannst du mir bitte helfen?
 
==== Conjugation ====
Dieses Verb ist unregelmäßig, ähnelt aber gleichzeitig ''[[sum]]'' mit dem Präfix ''[[pot-]]''. Es treten jedoch mehrere Kontraktionen und Vereinfachungen auf, nämlich: -ts- → -ss-, -tf- → -t-, -tess- → -ss- (beachten Sie, dass ''[[potēns]]'' nicht vom nicht existierenden *fēns stammt).
 
However, while this analysis works synchronically, diachronically, this relationship does not reflect a cognate historical relationship in all cases. For example, Osco-Umbrian forms confirm that a Proto-Italic verb <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Italic_language|Proto-Italic]]</span> ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/poteō|*poteō]]'' <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to be master</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> (stem ''*pot-ē-'') must also be reconstructed that, although lost in Latin otherwise, appears to have been the ultimate historical source of ''potuī'' and ''potēns''.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3">[[wikt:possum#cite_note-3|[1]]]</sup>
 
Obwohl diese Analyse synchron und diachron funktioniert, spiegelt diese Beziehung jedoch nicht in allen Fällen eine verwandte historische Beziehung wider. Beispielsweise bestätigen osko-umbrische Formen, dass auch ein uital. Verb *''[[poteō]]'' „Herr sein“ (Stamm *pot-ē-) rekonstruiert werden muss, das, obwohl es im Lateinischen sonst verloren gegangen ist, die ultimative historische Quelle von ''[[potuī]]'' und ''[[potēns]]'' gewesen zu sein scheint.
 
In Vulgar Latin, the first person singular is changed to ''[[possō]]'' (causing the verb to be treated like a third conjugation verb (base poss-) in the present subjunctive (''*possam'', ''*possās'')), while the third person plural (''eī''/''eae''/''ea'') ''possunt'' was preserved as such, though the rest of the verb became the second conjugation verb ''potēre'' ((''tu'') ''*potēs'', (''is''/''ea''/''id'') ''*potet'', (''nōs'') ''*potēmus'' and (''vōs'') ''*potētis''), based on forms like ''potuī'' and ''potēns'', just like ''velle'' (infinitive of ''[[wikt:volo#Latin|volō]]'') was reformed to ''*volēre'' after forms like ''voluī'' and ''volēns''.
 
Im Vulgärlatein wird die erste Person Singular zu ''[[possō]]'' geändert (wodurch das Verb wie ein Verb der dritten Konjugation (Basis poss-) im Präsens Konjunktiv (*possam, *possās) behandelt wird), während die dritte Person Plural (eī/eae/ea) possunt als solche erhalten bleibt, obwohl der Rest des Verbs zum Verb der zweiten Konjugation ''[[potēre]]'' ((tu) *potēs, (is/ea/id) *potet, (nōs) *potēmus und (vōs) *potētis) wurde, basierend auf Formen wie ''potuī'' und ''potēns'', genau wie velle (Infinitiv von ''[[volō]]'') nach Formen wie ''[[voluī]]'' und ''[[volēns]]'' zu *''[[volēre]]'' reformiert wurde.

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 12:53 Uhr

pos--sum lat. 'kann ich, fähig zu bin ich, vermag ich'

Aus uital. *possom, aus *potis „Meister, der die Kontrolle über“ + *som „Ich bin“. Vwndt. sind unter anderem Oscan púttiad „sie können“ und South Picene puti „Ich könnte“.

Pronunciation (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpos.sum/, [ˈpɔs̠ːʊ̃ˑ], (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpos.sum/, [ˈpɔsːum]

Verb

possum (Präsens Infinitiv posse, Perfekt Aktiv potuī); unregelmäßige Konjugation, unregelmäßig, kein Passiv

  1. fähig, kann, mag, vermag
    • Synonyme: polleō, queō, valeō, praevaleō, vigeō
    • Antonym: nequeō
    • Tunc, modo edere non potuit – Zu dieser Zeit konnte er einfach nicht essen
    • Possum Latine loqui – Ich kann Latein sprechen
    • Potesne mihi succurere, quaeso? - Kannst du mir bitte helfen?

Conjugation

Dieses Verb ist unregelmäßig, ähnelt aber gleichzeitig sum mit dem Präfix pot-. Es treten jedoch mehrere Kontraktionen und Vereinfachungen auf, nämlich: -ts- → -ss-, -tf- → -t-, -tess- → -ss- (beachten Sie, dass potēns nicht vom nicht existierenden *fēns stammt).

However, while this analysis works synchronically, diachronically, this relationship does not reflect a cognate historical relationship in all cases. For example, Osco-Umbrian forms confirm that a Proto-Italic verb Proto-Italic *poteō (“to be master”) (stem *pot-ē-) must also be reconstructed that, although lost in Latin otherwise, appears to have been the ultimate historical source of potuī and potēns.[1]

Obwohl diese Analyse synchron und diachron funktioniert, spiegelt diese Beziehung jedoch nicht in allen Fällen eine verwandte historische Beziehung wider. Beispielsweise bestätigen osko-umbrische Formen, dass auch ein uital. Verb *poteō „Herr sein“ (Stamm *pot-ē-) rekonstruiert werden muss, das, obwohl es im Lateinischen sonst verloren gegangen ist, die ultimative historische Quelle von potuī und potēns gewesen zu sein scheint.

In Vulgar Latin, the first person singular is changed to possō (causing the verb to be treated like a third conjugation verb (base poss-) in the present subjunctive (*possam, *possās)), while the third person plural (eī/eae/ea) possunt was preserved as such, though the rest of the verb became the second conjugation verb potēre ((tu) *potēs, (is/ea/id) *potet, (nōs) *potēmus and (vōs) *potētis), based on forms like potuī and potēns, just like velle (infinitive of volō) was reformed to *volēre after forms like voluī and volēns.

Im Vulgärlatein wird die erste Person Singular zu possō geändert (wodurch das Verb wie ein Verb der dritten Konjugation (Basis poss-) im Präsens Konjunktiv (*possam, *possās) behandelt wird), während die dritte Person Plural (eī/eae/ea) possunt als solche erhalten bleibt, obwohl der Rest des Verbs zum Verb der zweiten Konjugation potēre ((tu) *potēs, (is/ea/id) *potet, (nōs) *potēmus und (vōs) *potētis) wurde, basierend auf Formen wie potuī und potēns, genau wie velle (Infinitiv von volō) nach Formen wie voluī und volēns zu *volēre reformiert wurde.