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| <p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/priisemokaps *priisemokaps]</em> by syncope. By [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#surface_analysis surface analysis], <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primus#Latin prīmus]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">first</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ceps#Latin:_catcher -ceps]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">catcher</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p>
| | #WEITERLEITUNG [[prīnceps]] |
| === <span id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</span> ===
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| *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈpriːn.keps/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈpriːŋkɛps̠]</span> or [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈprin.keps/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈprɪŋkɛps̠]</span>
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| *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈprin.t͡ʃeps/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈprin̠ʲt͡ʃeps]</span>
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| *Note: the length of the first vowel might have varied, being subject to one or more rounds of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osthoff%27s_law Osthoff's Law] which shortens vowels before an /n/ in the same syllable. Ancient Greek <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%E1%BF%96%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%88#Ancient_Greek πρῖγκιψ]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">prînkips</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> shows there was a pronunciation with long /ī/, which must have been maintained by analogy with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primus#Latin prīmus]</em>, but an archaic Italian form <em class="Latn mention" lang="it">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prence#Italian prence]</em> points to a form in /ĭ/.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/princeps#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/princeps#cite_note-2 [2]]</sup> See also Italian <em class="Latn mention" lang="it">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prencipe#Italian prencipe]</em>, an alternative form of <em class="Latn mention" lang="it">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principe#Italian principe]</em>.
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| === <span id="Adjective">Adjective</span> ===
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| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">prī̆nceps</strong> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principis#Latin prī̆ncipis]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension third-declension] one-termination adjective''</p>
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| #[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/first#English first], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foremost#English foremost] <span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
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| #[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chief#English chief], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distinguished#English distinguished]
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| ==== <span id="Declension">Declension</span> ====
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| <p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension Third-declension] one-termination adjective.</p>
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| {| class="prettytable inflection-table inflection-table-la"
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| |-
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| ! Number
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| ! colspan="2" | Singular
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| | rowspan="2" |
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| ! colspan="2" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! Case / Gender
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| ! Masc./Fem.
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| ! Neuter
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| ! Masc./Fem.
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| ! Neuter
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| |-
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| ! [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative]
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|m|s|;|nom|n|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">prī̆nceps</strong></span>
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| | rowspan="6" |
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|m|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principes#Latin prī̆ncipēs]</span>
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|n|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principia#Latin prī̆ncipia]</span>
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| |-
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| ! [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive]
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|m|s|;|gen|n|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principis#Latin prī̆ncipis]</span>
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|m|p|;|gen|n|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principium#Latin prī̆ncipium]</span>
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| |-
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| ! [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative]
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|m|s|;|dat|n|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principi#Latin prī̆ncipī]</span>
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|m|p|;|dat|n|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principibus#Latin prī̆ncipibus]</span>
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| |-
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| ! [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative]
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|m|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principem#Latin prī̆ncipem]</span>
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|n|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">prī̆nceps</strong></span>
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|m|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principes#Latin prī̆ncipēs]</span>
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|n|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principia#Latin prī̆ncipia]</span>
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| |-
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| ! [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative]
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|m|s|;|abl|n|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principi#Latin prī̆ncipī]</span>
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|m|p|;|abl|n|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principibus#Latin prī̆ncipibus]</span>
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| |-
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| ! [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative]
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| | colspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|m|s|;|voc|n|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">prī̆nceps</strong></span>
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|m|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principes#Latin prī̆ncipēs]</span>
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| | align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|n|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principia#Latin prī̆ncipia]</span>
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| |}
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| ==== <span id="Synonyms">Synonyms</span> ====
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| *<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">first</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon sense-qualifier-colon">:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primus#Latin prīmus]</span>
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| ==== <span id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</span> ====
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| *<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=princeps_civitatis&action=edit&redlink=1 prī̆nceps cīvitātis]</span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">first citizen</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">a title of the Roman Emperors, beginning with Caesar Augustus</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
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| === <span id="Noun_3">Noun</span> ===
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| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">prī̆nceps</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr> or <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principis#Latin prī̆ncipis]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension third declension]''</p>
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| #a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leader#English leader], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/first#English first] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/man#English man] or [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/woman#English woman], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/head#English head] <span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
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| #a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principal#English principal] person
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| #an [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/author#English author], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/originator#English originator], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/founder#English founder]
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| #a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chief#English chief], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/director#English director]
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| #a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prince#English prince], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sovereign#English sovereign]
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| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/military#English military]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> in the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#plural plural]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/company#English company] or [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/division#English division] of the second line of [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soldier#English soldiers]
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| ==== <span id="Declension_2">Declension</span> ====
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| <p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension Third-declension] noun.</p>
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| {| class="wikitable inflection-table inflection-table-la"
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| |-
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| ! class="corner-header" | Case
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| ! class="number-header" | Singular
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| ! class="number-header" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative]
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">prī̆nceps</strong></span>
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principes#Latin prī̆ncipēs]</span>
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| |-
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| ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive]
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principis#Latin prī̆ncipis]</span>
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principum#Latin prī̆ncipum]</span>
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| |-
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| ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative]
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principi#Latin prī̆ncipī]</span>
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principibus#Latin prī̆ncipibus]</span>
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| |-
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| ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative]
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principem#Latin prī̆ncipem]</span>
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principes#Latin prī̆ncipēs]</span>
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| |-
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| ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative]
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principe#Latin prī̆ncipe]</span>
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principibus#Latin prī̆ncipibus]</span>
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| |-
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| ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative]
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">prī̆nceps</strong></span>
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| | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin-prī̆nceps" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principes#Latin prī̆ncipēs]</span>
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| |}
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