„-ulus“ – Versionsunterschied
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[[-ul]][[-us]] | [[-ul]][[-us]] [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]] '[[-el]]' | ||
Aus uital. *-elos (daher Faliskanisch -𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔 (-elos)), aus uig. *[[-elós]], thematisiert aus uig. *[[-lós]]. | |||
* | Verwandt mit uger. *-ilaz und *-ulaz, daher nicht mehr produktives Englisch ''[[-le]]'' (wie in dimple und nozzle), Niederländisch -el, Deutsch [[-el]]. | ||
From <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Italic_language|Proto-Italic]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos&action=edit&redlink=1 *-elos]</em> (whence <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Faliscan_language|Faliscan]]</span> <em class="Ital mention" lang="xfa">[[wikt:-𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔#Faliscan|-𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="xfa-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">-elos</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>), from <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European_language|Proto-Indo-European]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-el%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1 *-elós]</em>, thematized from <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European_language|Proto-Indo-European]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós|*-lós]]</em>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[[wikt:-ulus#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup> | |||
=== <span id="Suffix_2">Suffix</span> === | === <span id="Suffix_2">Suffix</span> === | ||
<p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">-ulus</strong> (''feminine'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ula#Latin -ula]</strong>, ''neuter'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulum#Latin -ulum]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension first]/[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_second_declension second-declension] suffix''</p> | <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">-ulus</strong> (''feminine'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ula#Latin -ula]</strong>, ''neuter'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulum#Latin -ulum]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension first]/[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_second_declension second-declension] suffix''</p> | ||
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::<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tremo#Latin tremō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">tremble</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ulus</em> → <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tremulus#Latin tremulus]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">trembling, tending to tremble</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> | ::<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tremo#Latin tremō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">tremble</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ulus</em> → <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tremulus#Latin tremulus]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">trembling, tending to tremble</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> | ||
::<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credo#Latin crēdō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">believe</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ulus</em> → <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credulus#Latin crēdulus]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">believing, tending to believe</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> | ::<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credo#Latin crēdō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">believe</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ulus</em> → <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credulus#Latin crēdulus]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">believing, tending to believe</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed prettytable inflection-table inflection-table-la" | |||
|+<span id="Declension">Declension /</span> <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> | |||
< | | colspan="8" |<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u.lus/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]</span><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u.lus/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ulus]</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">stressed on the antepenult</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> | ||
|- | |||
| colspan="8" |[[wikt:Appendix:Latin_first_declension|First]]/[[wikt:Appendix:Latin_second_declension|second-declension]] adjective. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Number | ! Number | ||
| Zeile 43: | Zeile 45: | ||
! Neuter | ! Neuter | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [ | ! [[wikt:nominative_case|Nominative]] | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|m|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|m|s-form-of origin--ulus"><strong class="selflink">-ulus</strong></span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|f|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|f|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ula#Latin|-ula]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|n|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|n|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulum#Latin|-ulum]]</span> | ||
| rowspan="6" | | | rowspan="6" | | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|m|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|m|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-uli#Latin|-ulī]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|f|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|f|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulae#Latin|-ulae]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|n|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|n|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ula#Latin|-ula]]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [ | ! [[wikt:genitive_case|Genitive]] | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|m|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|m|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-uli#Latin|-ulī]]</span> | ||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|f|s|;|dat|f|s-form-of origin--ulus | | rowspan="2" align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|f|s|;|dat|f|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulae#Latin|-ulae]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|n|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|n|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-uli#Latin|-ulī]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|m|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|m|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulorum#Latin|-ulōrum]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|f|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|f|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ularum#Latin|-ulārum]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|n|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|n|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulorum#Latin|-ulōrum]]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [ | ! [[wikt:dative_case|Dative]] | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|m|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|m|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulo#Latin|-ulō]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|n|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|n|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulo#Latin|-ulō]]</span> | ||
| colspan="3" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|m|p|;|dat|f|p|;|dat|n|p-form-of origin--ulus | | colspan="3" align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|m|p|;|dat|f|p|;|dat|n|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulis#Latin|-ulīs]]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [ | ! [[wikt:accusative_case|Accusative]] | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|m|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|m|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulum#Latin|-ulum]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|f|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|f|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulam#Latin|-ulam]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|n|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|n|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulum#Latin|-ulum]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|m|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|m|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulos#Latin|-ulōs]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|f|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|f|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulas#Latin|-ulās]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|n|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|n|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ula#Latin|-ula]]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [ | ! [[wikt:ablative_case|Ablative]] | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|m|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|m|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulo#Latin|-ulō]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|f|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|f|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ula#Latin|-ulā]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|n|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|n|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulo#Latin|-ulō]]</span> | ||
| colspan="3" align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|m|p|;|abl|f|p|;|abl|n|p-form-of origin--ulus | | colspan="3" align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|m|p|;|abl|f|p|;|abl|n|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulis#Latin|-ulīs]]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [ | ! [[wikt:vocative_case|Vocative]] | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|m|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|m|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ule#Latin|-ule]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|f|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|f|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ula#Latin|-ula]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|n|s-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|n|s-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulum#Latin|-ulum]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|m|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|m|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-uli#Latin|-ulī]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|f|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|f|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ulae#Latin|-ulae]]</span> | ||
| align="center" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|n|p-form-of origin--ulus | | align="center" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|n|p-form-of origin--ulus">[[wikt:-ula#Latin|-ula]]</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:59 Uhr
Aus uital. *-elos (daher Faliskanisch -𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔 (-elos)), aus uig. *-elós, thematisiert aus uig. *-lós.
Verwandt mit uger. *-ilaz und *-ulaz, daher nicht mehr produktives Englisch -le (wie in dimple und nozzle), Niederländisch -el, Deutsch -el.
From Proto-Italic *-elos (whence Faliscan -𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔 (-elos)), from Proto-Indo-European *-elós, thematized from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.[1]
Suffix
-ulus (feminine -ula, neuter -ulum); first/second-declension suffix
- Used to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating small size or youth.
- Used to form a diminutive of an adjective with diminished effect, indicating “somewhat” or “-ish”.
- Used to form an agent noun or adjective from a verb.
Usage notes
The suffix -ulus is added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun. Latin diminutives typically match the gender of the base word.
- Examples:
- rēx m (“king”) + -ulus → rēgulus m (“prince, petty king”)
- virga f (“twig, rod, switch, staff”) + -ulus → virgula f (“little twig, small rod, wand”)
- oppidum n (“town, settlement”) + -ulus → oppidulum n (“small town or settlement, village”)
- calx f (“limestone, game counter”) + -ulus → calculus m (“pebble, little stone”)
The allomorph -olus, -ola, -olum is regularly used to form diminutives of nouns ending in -ius, -ia, -ium, -eus, -ea, -eum.
When added to an adjective, it forms a diminutive of that adjective:
When added to a verb, it forms an adjective with the relational meaning “doing …” or “tending to …”:
| (Classical) IPA(key): /u.lus/, [ʊɫ̪ʊs̠](modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /u.lus/, [ulus] (stressed on the antepenult) | |||||||
| First/second-declension adjective. | |||||||
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -ulus | -ula | -ulum | -ulī | -ulae | -ula | |
| Genitive | -ulī | -ulae | -ulī | -ulōrum | -ulārum | -ulōrum | |
| Dative | -ulō | -ulō | -ulīs | ||||
| Accusative | -ulum | -ulam | -ulum | -ulōs | -ulās | -ula | |
| Ablative | -ulō | -ulā | -ulō | -ulīs | |||
| Vocative | -ule | -ula | -ulum | -ulī | -ulae | -ula | |