„īnfestus“ – Versionsunterschied
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īnfestus [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]] "handfeste"; "unfreund"; vgl. ''[[īnfēnsus]]'' | |||
#Cognate with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[ | |||
Uncertain. Possibilities include: | |||
#Cognate with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[manifestus]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">caught in the act</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> by assuming a precedent sense <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">caught by hand</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>, and derived from a tentative <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[-festus]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">grabbing, attacking</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, possibly from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span><em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%CA%B0ers- *dʰers-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to be bold</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. | |||
#Cognate with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/festino#Latin festīnō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to hasten, accelerate</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confestim#Latin cōnfestim]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">immediately</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> by assuming a precedent sense <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rush_in#English rushing in]</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*festis</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">hurry</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, which Schrijver derives from a root <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/b%CA%B0ris-&action=edit&redlink=1 *bʰris-]</em>. This makes a connection with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manifestus#Latin manifestus]</em> difficult. | #Cognate with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/festino#Latin festīnō]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to hasten, accelerate</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confestim#Latin cōnfestim]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">immediately</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> by assuming a precedent sense <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rush_in#English rushing in]</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*festis</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">hurry</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, which Schrijver derives from a root <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/b%CA%B0ris-&action=edit&redlink=1 *bʰris-]</em>. This makes a connection with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manifestus#Latin manifestus]</em> difficult. | ||
#From <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in-#Latin in-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">un-</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*festus</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">asked for</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, itself from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*gʷʰedʰ-to-s</em>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B7%CA%B0ed%CA%B0- *gʷʰedʰ-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to request, ask for, pray</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Phonologically this assumes the ending <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-tus</em> being analogically restored after <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*TT</em> had shifted to <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*ss</em> in Italic, as might be the case with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fustis#Latin fūstis]</em>. | #From <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in-#Latin in-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">un-</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*festus</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">asked for</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, itself from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*gʷʰedʰ-to-s</em>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B7%CA%B0ed%CA%B0- *gʷʰedʰ-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to request, ask for, pray</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Phonologically this assumes the ending <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-tus</em> being analogically restored after <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*TT</em> had shifted to <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*ss</em> in Italic, as might be the case with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fustis#Latin fūstis]</em>. | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 24. März 2026, 15:02 Uhr
īnfestus uit.-lat. "handfeste"; "unfreund"; vgl. īnfēnsus
Uncertain. Possibilities include:
- Cognate with manifestus (“caught in the act”) by assuming a precedent sense “caught by hand”, and derived from a tentative -festus (“grabbing, attacking”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European*dʰers- (“to be bold”).
- Cognate with festīnō (“to hasten, accelerate”), cōnfestim (“immediately”) by assuming a precedent sense “rushing in”, from Proto-Italic *festis (“hurry”), which Schrijver derives from a root *bʰris-. This makes a connection with manifestus difficult.
- From in- (“un-”) + Proto-Italic *festus (“asked for”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-to-s, from *gʷʰedʰ- (“to request, ask for, pray”). Phonologically this assumes the ending -tus being analogically restored after *TT had shifted to *ss in Italic, as might be the case with fūstis.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /inˈfes.tus/, [ĩːˈfɛs̠t̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈfes.tus/, [iɱˈfɛst̪us]
- It is not entirely certain whether the vowel in the second syllable was short or long. Spanish enhiesto (assumed to be a descendant, with a change in sense) shows development of -ie- from -ĕ-(though this does not exclude the possibility of an original -ē- that underwent later shortening or analogical replacement, as in Spanish fiesta from Latin fēstum). Bennett 1907 cites "infésti" from C.I.L. v. 2627[1] as inscriptional evidence for a long vowel, and compares the length to that of e in manifē̆stus[2] (but the latter is also uncertain).
Adjective
īnfestus (feminine īnfesta, neuter īnfestum, comparative īnfestior, superlative īnfestissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- hostile (to a person, cause etc.), antagonistic [ synonyms, antonyms ▲]
- (entertaining or foreboding violent actions) aggressive, warlike; raised, threatening, poised to strike
- (of things) [+dative] harmful, troublesome [ quotations ▼]
- (of places) dangerous, unsafe; [+ablative] infested with; adverse
- exposed to danger, threatened, insecure [ synonyms, antonyms ▲]
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | īnfestus | īnfesta | īnfestum | īnfestī | īnfestae | īnfesta | |
| Genitive | īnfestī | īnfestae | īnfestī | īnfestōrum | īnfestārum | īnfestōrum | |
| Dative | īnfestō | īnfestō | īnfestīs | ||||
| Accusative | īnfestum | īnfestam | īnfestum | īnfestōs | īnfestās | īnfesta | |
| Ablative | īnfestō | īnfestā | īnfestō | īnfestīs | |||
| Vocative | īnfeste | īnfesta | īnfestum | īnfestī | īnfestae | īnfesta | |