„vir“ – Versionsunterschied

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Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:57 Uhr

vi -r uit.-lat. “Mann, männlich, Kerl”, vgl. ahdt. wer "Mann";

Aus uital. *wiros, aus uig. *wiHrós. Verwandte Wörter sind Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Altpreußisch wijrs, Litauisch vyras, Lettisch vīrs, Altirisch fer, Altnordisch verr, Ossetisch ир (ir, „Osseten“) und Altenglisch wer (Englisch were-).

uig. *wiHrós "Mann", uital. *wiros, sanskr. vīrá, uger. *weraz, ahd. wer "Mann", mhd. Wehr, asächs. wer, apreuß. wijrs, aengl. engl. were-, wer, lith. vyras, latv. vīrs, air. fer, anord. verr, osti. ир, ir.

Substantiv vir m (Genitiv virī); zweite Deklination

Mann (erwachsener männlicher Mensch)
tapferer oder mutiger Mann, Held, Krieger
Ehemann
(Militär) Fußsoldat

Nutzungshinweise

Vir hat die Bedeutung eines erwachsenen männlichen Menschen. In Bezug auf Alter oder Reife wird es im Gegensatz zu puer „Junge“ verwendet; in Bezug auf Geschlecht oder Sex wird es im Gegensatz zu oder in Verbindung mit fēmina oder mulier („Frau“) verwendet. Im Kontext der antiken römischen Gesellschaft bezeichnete vir einen Mann mit freigeborenem Status und nicht einen versklavten Mann oder Freigelassenen. „Mann“ im Sinne von „Mensch“ wird mit dem lateinischen homō wiedergegeben (z. B. im Gegensatz zu bēstia „Tier“ oder deus „Gott“); im Sinne von männlich mit dem lateinischen mās (im Gegensatz zu fēmina „weiblich“).

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r).

Declension / Pronunciation
Case	Singular	Plural
(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /u̯ir/, [u̯ɪr], (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vir/, [vir]
Nominative	vir	virī
Genitive	virī	virōrum
Dative	virō	virīs
Accusative	virum	virōs
Ablative	virō	virīs
Vocative	vir	virī

The genitive plural may also be virum, virûm.

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-<p>[[vi]][[-r]] {{uital.-lat.}}&nbsp;<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">[[Mann]], [[männlich]]</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”, vgl. ahdt. ''[[wer]]'' "Mann";</span></p>
+<p>[[vi]][[-r]] [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]]&nbsp;<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">[[Mann]], [[männlich]], [[Kerl]]</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”, vgl. ahdt. ''[[wer]]'' "Mann";</span></p>
-<p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHr%C3%B3s *wiHrós]</em>&nbsp;</span>"Mann",&nbsp;uital.<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> <em class="Latinx mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros|*wiros]]</em>, sanskr. ''[[wikt:वीर#Sanskrit|<span lang="sa-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">vīrá</span>]]'', uger. [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/weraz|*weraz]],&nbsp;ahd. <span lang="goh" class="Latn">[[wikt:wer#Old_High_German|wer]]&nbsp;</span></span>"Mann", mhd<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span lang="goh" class="Latn">. ''[[wikt:Wehr#German|Wehr]]'',&nbsp;</span>asächs. ''[[wikt:wer#Old_Saxon|wer]]'',&nbsp;apreuß. ''[[wikt:wijrs#Old_Prussian|wijrs]]'', aengl. engl. <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[[wikt:were-#English|were-]],&nbsp;</em><em class="Latinx mention" lang="ang">[[wikt:wer#Old_English|wer]],&nbsp;</em>lith. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[[wikt:vyras#Lithuanian|vyras]]</em>, latv. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[[wikt:vīrs#Latvian|vīrs]]</em>, air. <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[[wikt:fer#Old_Irish|fer]]</em>, anord. <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[[wikt:verr#Old_Norse|verr]]</em>,&nbsp;osti. <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[[wikt:ир#Ossetian|ир]]</em>, <span lang="os-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ir.</span></span></p>
+Aus uital. <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros|*wiros]]</em>, aus uig. *[[wiHrós]]. Verwandte Wörter sind Sanskrit [[वीर]] (''[[vīrá]]''), Altpreußisch wijrs, Litauisch vyras, Lettisch vīrs, Altirisch fer, Altnordisch verr, Ossetisch ир (ir, „Osseten“) und Altenglisch wer (Englisch were-).
-<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros *wiros]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHr%C3%B3s *wiHrós]</em>. Cognates include <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0#Sanskrit वीर]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>[[vīrá]]<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Prussian_language Old Prussian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="prg">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wijrs#Old_Prussian wijrs]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language Lithuanian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vyras#Lithuanian vyras]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language Latvian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C4%ABrs#Latvian vīrs]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irish Old Irish]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fer#Old_Irish fer]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Old Norse]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verr#Old_Norse verr]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetian_language Ossetian]</span> <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D1%80#Ossetian ир]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn">ir</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">Ossetians</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ang">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wer#Old_English wer]</em> (English <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/were-#English were-]</em>).</p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
-Pronunciation <span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical Latin]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u̯ir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[u̯ɪr],</span> <span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[vir]</span>
+* <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHrós|*wiHrós]]</em>&nbsp;</span>"Mann",&nbsp;uital.<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> <em class="Latinx mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros|*wiros]]</em>, sanskr. ''[[wikt:वीर#Sanskrit|<span lang="sa-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">vīrá</span>]]'', uger. [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/weraz|*weraz]],&nbsp;ahd. <span lang="goh" class="Latn">[[wikt:wer#Old_High_German|wer]]&nbsp;</span></span>"Mann", mhd<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span lang="goh" class="Latn">. ''[[wikt:Wehr#German|Wehr]]'',&nbsp;</span>asächs. ''[[wikt:wer#Old_Saxon|wer]]'',&nbsp;apreuß. ''[[wikt:wijrs#Old_Prussian|wijrs]]'', aengl. engl. <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[[wikt:were-#English|were-]],&nbsp;</em><em class="Latinx mention" lang="ang">[[wikt:wer#Old_English|wer]],&nbsp;</em>lith. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[[wikt:vyras#Lithuanian|vyras]]</em>, latv. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[[wikt:vīrs#Latvian|vīrs]]</em>, air. <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[[wikt:fer#Old_Irish|fer]]</em>, anord. <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[[wikt:verr#Old_Norse|verr]]</em>,&nbsp;osti. <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[[wikt:ир#Ossetian|ир]]</em>, <span lang="os-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ir.</span></span>
-</div>'''Substantiv vir''' m (Genitiv virī); zweite Deklination
+'''Substantiv vir''' m (Genitiv virī); zweite Deklination
 # Mann (erwachsener männlicher Mensch)
 # tapferer oder mutiger Mann, Held, Krieger
 # Ehemann
-# (Militär) Fußsoldat<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">
+# (Militär) Fußsoldat<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span>
 ==== Nutzungshinweise ====
 </div>Vir hat die Bedeutung eines erwachsenen männlichen Menschen. In Bezug auf Alter oder Reife wird es im Gegensatz zu ''[[puer]]'' „Junge“ verwendet; in Bezug auf Geschlecht oder Sex wird es im Gegensatz zu oder in Verbindung mit ''[[fēmina]]'' oder ''[[mulier]]'' („Frau“) verwendet. Im Kontext der antiken römischen Gesellschaft bezeichnete vir einen Mann mit freigeborenem Status und nicht einen versklavten Mann oder Freigelassenen. „Mann“ im Sinne von „Mensch“ wird mit dem lateinischen ''[[homō]]'' wiedergegeben (z. B. im Gegensatz zu ''[[bēstia]]'' „Tier“ oder ''[[deus]]'' „Gott“); im Sinne von männlich mit dem lateinischen ''[[mās]]'' (im Gegensatz zu ''[[fēmina]]'' „weiblich“).
 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">
-==== Declension ====
 </div><p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_second_declension Second-declension] noun (nominative singular in ''-r'').</p>
-{| class="wikitable inflection-table inflection-table-la"
+{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed inflection-table inflection-table-la"
+|+Declension / Pronunciation
+| colspan="3" |<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical Latin]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u̯ir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[u̯ɪr],</span> <span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[vir]</span>
 |-
 ! class="corner-header" | Case
@@ Zeile 20: / Zeile 22: @@
 ! class="number-header" | Plural
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:nominative_case|Nominative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin-vir" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">vir</strong></span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin-vir"><strong class="selflink">vir</strong></span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viri#Latin virī]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viri#Latin|virī]]</span>
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:genitive_case|Genitive]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viri#Latin virī]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viri#Latin|virī]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virorum#Latin virōrum]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:virorum#Latin|virōrum]]</span>
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:dative_case|Dative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viro#Latin virō]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viro#Latin|virō]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viris#Latin virīs]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viris#Latin|virīs]]</span>
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:accusative_case|Accusative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virum#Latin virum]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:virum#Latin|virum]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viros#Latin virōs]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viros#Latin|virōs]]</span>
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:ablative_case|Ablative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viro#Latin virō]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viro#Latin|virō]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viris#Latin virīs]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viris#Latin|virīs]]</span>
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:vocative_case|Vocative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin-vir" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">vir</strong></span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin-vir"><strong class="selflink">vir</strong></span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin-vir" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viri#Latin virī]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin-vir">[[wikt:viri#Latin|virī]]</span>
 |}
 <p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;" ><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span></p>
 *The genitive plural may also be <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virum#Latin virum, virûm]</span>.

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:57 Uhr

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