„cū̆nctus“ – Versionsunterschied
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cū̆nct[[-us]] [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]] ''[[ganz]]'', ''[[gänzlich]]''; (daher) [[alles]] | |||
'''Adjektiv cū̆nctus''' (feminin cū̆ncta, sächlich cū̆nctum); Adjektiv erster/zweiter Deklination | |||
# [[kollektiv]], alle [[zusammen]]; das [[Ganze]], [[Alles]] | |||
#* Synonyme: (im Plural) omnis, (im Singular) tōtus | |||
Uncertain. Proposals include: | |||
*From <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concitus#Latin concitus]</em> by [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syncope syncope] per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-2 [2]]</sup> Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from ''co(n)iūnctus''.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-3 [3]]</sup> | *From <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concitus#Latin concitus]</em> by [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syncope syncope] per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-2 [2]]</sup> Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from ''co(n)iūnctus''.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-3 [3]]</sup> | ||
*According to Sihler (1995), from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*ponkʷ-u-</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">whole, entire</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <em class="Xsux mention" lang="hit">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%BA%F0%92%80%AD%F0%92%86%AA%F0%92%8D%91#Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑]</em><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">pa-an-ku-uš</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">whole, entire; senate</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <small>[script needed]</small> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">pa-an-kur</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">family, relations</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, as well as the middle part of <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%85%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BE#Ancient_Greek ἅπαξ]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">hápax</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">singly</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-4 [4]]</sup> The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quinque#Latin quīnque]</em>. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that based on its genitive singular form ''pankawaš'', Hittite ''pankuš'' cannot be cognate to Latin ''cū̆nctus'' and is more likely related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81#Sanskrit बहु]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">bahu</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. | *According to Sihler (1995), from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*ponkʷ-u-</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">whole, entire</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <em class="Xsux mention" lang="hit">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%BA%F0%92%80%AD%F0%92%86%AA%F0%92%8D%91#Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑]</em><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">pa-an-ku-uš</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">whole, entire; senate</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <small>[script needed]</small> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">pa-an-kur</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">family, relations</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, as well as the middle part of <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%85%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BE#Ancient_Greek ἅπαξ]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">hápax</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">singly</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctus#cite_note-4 [4]]</sup> The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quinque#Latin quīnque]</em>. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that based on its genitive singular form ''pankawaš'', Hittite ''pankuš'' cannot be cognate to Latin ''cū̆nctus'' and is more likely related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81#Sanskrit बहु]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">bahu</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. | ||
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*<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈkunk.tus/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈkuŋkt̪us]</span> | *<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈkunk.tus/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈkuŋkt̪us]</span> | ||
*Note: the length of the root vowel is uncertain; length is regular before /nkt/, but this depends on whether the syncope preceded the lenthening. This is further complicated by the existence in Latin of an Osthoff's law-like tendency to shorten vowels followed by nasal+stop consonants. Compare the same uncertainity in the unrelated verb <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctor#Latin cū̆nctor]</em>, likely influenced by the adjective via false-etymological derivation or vice versa. | *Note: the length of the root vowel is uncertain; length is regular before /nkt/, but this depends on whether the syncope preceded the lenthening. This is further complicated by the existence in Latin of an Osthoff's law-like tendency to shorten vowels followed by nasal+stop consonants. Compare the same uncertainity in the unrelated verb <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cunctor#Latin cū̆nctor]</em>, likely influenced by the adjective via false-etymological derivation or vice versa. | ||
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed prettytable inflection-table inflection-table-la" | |||
|+Declension [[wikt:Appendix:Latin_first_declension|First]]/[[wikt:Appendix:Latin_second_declension|second-declension]] adjective. | |||
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Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 11:00 Uhr
cū̆nct-us uit.-lat. ganz, gänzlich; (daher) alles
Adjektiv cū̆nctus (feminin cū̆ncta, sächlich cū̆nctum); Adjektiv erster/zweiter Deklination
Uncertain. Proposals include:
- From concitus by syncope per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations.[1][2] Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from co(n)iūnctus.[3]
- According to Sihler (1995), from Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-u- (“whole, entire”), which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑(pa-an-ku-uš, “whole, entire; senate”) and Hittite [script needed] (pa-an-kur, “family, relations”), as well as the middle part of Ancient Greek ἅπαξ (hápax, “singly”).[4] The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in quīnque. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that based on its genitive singular form pankawaš, Hittite pankuš cannot be cognate to Latin cū̆nctus and is more likely related to Sanskrit बहु (bahu).
- From Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-to- (“whole, entire”), from *pénkʷe (“whole hand; five (fingers)”). In this case cognate to Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca, “spread out”), Sanskrit प्रपञ्चन (prapañcana, “copiousness”).
- Ancient etymologists explained it as a contraction of *cōiūnctus, making it a doublet of coniūnctus (“conjoined, connected”); this is today rejected.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkuːnk.tus/, [ˈkuːŋkt̪ʊs̠] or IPA(key): /ˈkunk.tus/, [ˈkʊŋkt̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkunk.tus/, [ˈkuŋkt̪us]
- Note: the length of the root vowel is uncertain; length is regular before /nkt/, but this depends on whether the syncope preceded the lenthening. This is further complicated by the existence in Latin of an Osthoff's law-like tendency to shorten vowels followed by nasal+stop consonants. Compare the same uncertainity in the unrelated verb cū̆nctor, likely influenced by the adjective via false-etymological derivation or vice versa.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | cū̆nctus | cū̆ncta | cū̆nctum | cū̆nctī | cū̆nctae | cū̆ncta | |
| Genitive | cū̆nctī | cū̆nctae | cū̆nctī | cū̆nctōrum | cū̆nctārum | cū̆nctōrum | |
| Dative | cū̆nctō | cū̆nctō | cū̆nctīs | ||||
| Accusative | cū̆nctum | cū̆nctam | cū̆nctum | cū̆nctōs | cū̆nctās | cū̆ncta | |
| Ablative | cū̆nctō | cū̆nctā | cū̆nctō | cū̆nctīs | |||
| Vocative | cū̆ncte | cū̆ncta | cū̆nctum | cū̆nctī | cū̆nctae | cū̆ncta | |