„arbiter“ – Versionsunterschied

[ungesichtete Version]

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:56 Uhr

arbiter uit.-lat. Arbiter;

Zeuge, Zuschauer, Beobachter
- Synonym: testis
(Gesetz) Schiedsrichter, Arbiter (mit mehr Macht als ein iūdex)
(übertragene Bedeutung) Richter, Schiedsrichter, Arbiter
- Synonyme: iūdex, disceptātor, spectātor
Aufseher, Kontrolleur, Herrscher
- Synonyme: erus, domnus, dominus

(“according to the judgement”, abl.sg.), corresponding to Latin arbitrātū. Possibly from ad- + baetō, with sporadic d > r as in arvorsum, arfuise, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian pu remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from putō to explain the Umbrian pu, however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced b would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the řp sequence in Umbrian.

Unsicher, aber wahrscheinlich verwandt mit dem umbr. ařputrati („gemäß dem Urteil“, abl.sg.), entsprechend dem lat. arbitrātū. Möglicherweise von ad- + baetō, mit sporadischem d > r wie in arvorsum, arfuise, was also ursprünglich „jemand, der zu etwas geht, um es zu sehen oder zu hören“ bedeutete. Dieses Verb hat jedoch keine sichere Etymologie, und das umbrische pu bleibt ungeklärt. De Vaan schlägt eine Ableitung von putō vor, um das umbrische pu zu erklären, was jedoch morphologisch immer noch schwierig ist, da letzteres auf einem Adjektiv basiert. Das stimmhafte b müsste außergewöhnlich sein oder durch eine Besonderheit der řp-Sequenz im Umbrischen erklärt werden.

Substantiv / Pronunciation / Declension
Case	Singular	Plural
Substantiv arbiter m (Genitiv arbitrī, feminin arbitra); zweite Deklination
(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈar.bi.ter/, [ˈärbɪt̪ɛr]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.bi.ter/, [ˈärbit̪er]
Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).
Nominative	arbiter	arbitrī
Genitive	arbitrī	arbitrōrum
Dative	arbitrō	arbitrīs
Accusative	arbitrum	arbitrōs
Ablative	arbitrō	arbitrīs
Vocative	arbiter	arbitrī

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-<p>Uncertain, but probably cognate to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrian_language Umbrian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="xum">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=a%C5%99putrati&action=edit&redlink=1 ařputrati]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">according to the judgement</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>, <span class="ann-pos">abl.sg.</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, corresponding to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin Latin]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitratu#Latin arbitrātū]</em>. Possibly from <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ad-#Latin ad-]</em> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baeto#Latin baetō]</em>, with sporadic ''d &gt; r'' as in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arvorsum&action=edit&redlink=1 arvorsum]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arfuise&action=edit&redlink=1 arfuise]</em>, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian ''pu'' remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puto#Latin putō]</em> to explain the Umbrian ''pu'', however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced ''b'' would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the ''řp'' sequence in Umbrian.</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+arbiter [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]] Arbiter;
-=== Pronunciation ===
-</div>
+* [[Zeuge]], [[Zuschauer]], [[Beobachter]]
-*<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical Latin]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈar.bi.ter/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈärbɪt̪ɛr]</span>
+** Synonym: testis
-*<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈar.bi.ter/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈärbit̪er]</span>
+* (Gesetz) Schiedsrichter, Arbiter (mit mehr Macht als ein iūdex)
-<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+* (übertragene Bedeutung) Richter, Schiedsrichter, Arbiter
-=== Noun ===
+** Synonyme: iūdex, disceptātor, spectātor
-</div><p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">arbiter</strong>&nbsp;<span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitri#Latin arbitrī]</strong>, ''feminine'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitra#Latin arbitra]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_second_declension second declension]''</p>
+* Aufseher, Kontrolleur, Herrscher
-#[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/witness#English witness], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spectator#English spectator], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onlooker#English onlooker] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonym ▲]</span>
+** Synonyme: erus, domnus, dominus
-#:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/testis#Latin testis]</span></span>
-#<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/law#English law]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitrator#English arbitrator], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbiter#English arbiter] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">having a wider power than a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iudex#English iūdex]</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
+<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">according to the judgement</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>, <span class="ann-pos">abl.sg.</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, corresponding to <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Latin|Latin]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:arbitratu#Latin|arbitrātū]]</em>. Possibly from <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:ad-#Latin|ad-]]</em> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:baeto#Latin|baetō]]</em>, with sporadic ''d &gt; r'' as in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arvorsum&action=edit&redlink=1 arvorsum]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arfuise&action=edit&redlink=1 arfuise]</em>, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian ''pu'' remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:puto#Latin|putō]]</em> to explain the Umbrian ''pu'', however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced ''b'' would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the ''řp'' sequence in Umbrian.
-#<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#transferred_sense transferred sense]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/judge#English judge], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umpire#English umpire], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitrator#English arbitrator], arbiter <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
-#:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iudex#Latin iūdex]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disceptator#Latin disceptātor]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spectator#Latin spectātor]</span></span>
+Unsicher, aber wahrscheinlich verwandt mit dem umbr. <em class="Latn mention" lang="xum">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=a%C5%99putrati&action=edit&redlink=1 ařputrati]</em> („gemäß dem Urteil“, abl.sg.), entsprechend dem lat. ''[[arbitrātū]]''. Möglicherweise von [[ad-]] + [[baetō]], mit sporadischem d > r wie in arvorsum, arfuise, was also ursprünglich „jemand, der zu etwas geht, um es zu sehen oder zu hören“ bedeutete. Dieses Verb hat jedoch keine sichere Etymologie, und das umbrische ''pu'' bleibt ungeklärt. De Vaan schlägt eine Ableitung von ''[[putō]]'' vor, um das umbrische pu zu erklären, was jedoch morphologisch immer noch schwierig ist, da letzteres auf einem Adjektiv basiert. Das stimmhafte ''b'' müsste außergewöhnlich sein oder durch eine Besonderheit der řp-Sequenz im Umbrischen erklärt werden.
-#[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overseer#English overseer], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/controller#English controller], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ruler#English ruler] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span>
+{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed inflection-table inflection-table-la"
-#:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erus#Latin erus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domnus#Latin domnus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dominus#Latin dominus]</span></span>
+|+Substantiv / Pronunciation / Declension
-<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">
+| colspan="4" |Substantiv arbiter m (Genitiv arbitrī, feminin arbitra); zweite Deklination
-==== Declension ====
+|-
-</div><p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_second_declension Second-declension] noun (nominative singular in ''-er'').</p>
+| colspan="4" |<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical Latin]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈar.bi.ter/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈärbɪt̪ɛr]</span>
-{| class="wikitable inflection-table inflection-table-la"
+|-
+| colspan="4" |<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ˈar.bi.ter/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ˈärbit̪er]</span>
+|-
+| colspan="4" |[[wikt:Appendix:Latin_second_declension|Second-declension]] noun (nominative singular in ''-er'').
 |-
 ! class="corner-header" | Case
 ! class="number-header" | Singular
 ! class="number-header" | Plural
+!
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:nominative_case|Nominative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">arbiter</strong></span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin-arbiter"><strong class="selflink">arbiter</strong></span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitri#Latin arbitrī]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitri#Latin|arbitrī]]</span>
+|
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:genitive_case|Genitive]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitri#Latin arbitrī]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitri#Latin|arbitrī]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitrorum#Latin arbitrōrum]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitrorum#Latin|arbitrōrum]]</span>
+|
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:dative_case|Dative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitro#Latin arbitrō]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitro#Latin|arbitrō]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitris#Latin arbitrīs]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitris#Latin|arbitrīs]]</span>
+|
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:accusative_case|Accusative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitrum#Latin arbitrum]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitrum#Latin|arbitrum]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitros#Latin arbitrōs]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitros#Latin|arbitrōs]]</span>
+|
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:ablative_case|Ablative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitro#Latin arbitrō]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitro#Latin|arbitrō]]</span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitris#Latin arbitrīs]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitris#Latin|arbitrīs]]</span>
+|
 |-
-! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative]
+! class="case-header" | [[wikt:vocative_case|Vocative]]
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">arbiter</strong></span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin-arbiter"><strong class="selflink">arbiter</strong></span>
-| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin-arbiter" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitri#Latin arbitrī]</span>
+| class="form-cell" | <span lang="la" class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin-arbiter">[[wikt:arbitri#Latin|arbitrī]]</span>
+|
 |}
 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">

„arbiter“ – Versionsunterschied

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 10:56 Uhr

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