„warm“ – Versionsunterschied

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Aktuelle Version vom 22. Dezember 2023, 12:56 Uhr

¦∑¦ war + -m;

¦∅¦ Empfindung aufgrund von brennen, verbrennen von etwas;

¦⊕¦ Zustand aufgruind von einwirkender Hitze;

¦⊗¦ ‘von angenehmer Temperatur’ (zwischen kalt und heiß),

¦√¦ ; uig. *wer- “brennen” +‎ *-mos, uig. wór-mo-s; related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi); uie. *u̯er- ‘brennen, verbrennen, schwärzen’;

¦↵¦ uger. *warmaz; uwgerm. *warm; germ. *warma-; ahd. (9. Jh.), mhd. mnd. asächs. mnl. nl. warm,

warm Adj. ‘von angenehmer Temperatur’ (zwischen kalt und heiß), ahd. (9. Jh.), mhd. mnd. asächs. mnl. nl. warm, aengl. wearm, engl. warm, anord. varmr, schwed. varm (germ. *warma-) läßt sich als Bildung mit m-Suffix wohl mit hethit. u̯ar-‘brennen’, aslaw. varъ ‘Hitze’, russ. var (вар) ‘siedendes Wasser, Pech, Hitze’, aslaw. variti, russ. varít’ (варить) ‘kochen’, aslaw. (ablautend) vьrěti ‘kochen’, lit. vìrti ‘sprudeln, wallen, kochen’ auf eine Wurzel ie. *u̯er- ‘brennen, verbrennen, schwärzen’ zurückführen.

Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) +‎ *-mos, related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Persian گرم‎ (garm) and Sanskrit घर्म (gharma).^[1]
From Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”) +‎ *-mos, related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi).^[2]

The dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how Proto-Indo-European initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to *ber- (“to burn”) etc. (compare *banô < *gʷʰon-ō). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as *snaiwaz < *snóygʷʰos and *neurô < *négʷʰrō. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.

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[2

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-<p style="text-align: justify;" >¦∑¦ war + -m;</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦∅¦ Empfindung aufgrund von brennen, verbrennen von etwas;<br></p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦⊕¦ Zustand aufgruind von einwirkender Hitze;<br></p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦⊗¦ ‘von angenehmer Temperatur’ (zwischen kalt und heiß),</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦√¦ ; uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wer- *wer-]</em>&nbsp;<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">brennen</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>&nbsp;+‎ <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mos *-mos]</em>, uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">wór-mo-s; </em>related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <small>[script needed]</small> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">warnuzi</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>; ui<abbr title="indoeuropäisch">e.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*u̯er-</span> ‘brennen, verbrennen, schwärzen’;</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦↵¦ uger. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz *warmaz]; </em>uwgerm. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gmw-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/warm *warm]</em>; <abbr title="germanisch">germ.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*''warma''-</span>; <abbr title="althochdeutsch">ahd.</abbr> (9. Jh.), <abbr title="mittelhochdeutsch">mhd.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederdeutsch">mnd.</abbr> <abbr title="altsächsisch">asächs.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederländisch">mnl.</abbr> <abbr title="niederländisch">nl.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">warm</span>'',<br></p><hr><p style="text-align: justify;" >[bg_collapse view="button-blue" color="#ffffff" icon="eye" expand_text=" " collapse_text=" " ]</p><p style="text-align: justify;" ><span class="etymwb-headword">'''<span class="etymwb-orth">warm</span>''' <span class="etymwb-gramgrp">Adj. </span></span>‘von angenehmer Temperatur’ (zwischen kalt und heiß), <abbr title="althochdeutsch">ahd.</abbr> (9. Jh.), <abbr title="mittelhochdeutsch">mhd.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederdeutsch">mnd.</abbr> <abbr title="altsächsisch">asächs.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederländisch">mnl.</abbr> <abbr title="niederländisch">nl.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">warm</span>'', <abbr title="altenglisch">aengl. </abbr>''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">wearm</span>'', <abbr title="englisch">engl.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">warm</span>'', <abbr title="altnordisch">anord.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">varmr</span>'', <abbr title="schwedisch">schwed.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">varm</span>'' (<abbr title="germanisch">germ.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*''warma''-</span>) läßt sich als Bildung mit m-Suffix wohl mit <abbr title="hethitisch">hethit.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">u̯ar-</span>‘brennen’, <abbr title="altslawisch">aslaw.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">varъ</span>'' ‘Hitze’, <abbr title="russisch">russ.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">var</span>'' (<span class="etymwb-mentioned">вар</span>) ‘siedendes Wasser, Pech, Hitze’, <abbr title="altslawisch">aslaw.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">variti</span>'', <abbr title="russisch">russ.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">''varít''’</span> (<span class="etymwb-mentioned">варить</span>) ‘kochen’, <abbr title="altslawisch">aslaw.</abbr> (ablautend) ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">vьrěti</span>'' ‘kochen’, <abbr title="litauisch">lit.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">vìrti</span>'' ‘sprudeln, wallen, kochen’ auf eine Wurzel <abbr title="indoeuropäisch">ie.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*u̯er-</span> ‘brennen, verbrennen, schwärzen’ zurückführen.&nbsp;</p><hr><p style="text-align: justify;" >Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.</p>
+<p style="text-align: justify;" >¦∑¦ [[war]] + [[-m]];</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦∅¦ Empfindung aufgrund von brennen, verbrennen von etwas;<br></p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦⊕¦ Zustand aufgruind von einwirkender Hitze;<br></p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦⊗¦ ‘von angenehmer Temperatur’ (zwischen kalt und heiß),</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦√¦ ; uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wer- *wer-]</em>&nbsp;<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">brennen</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>&nbsp;+‎ <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mos *-mos]</em>, uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">wór-mo-s; </em>related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <small>[script needed]</small> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">warnuzi</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>; ui<abbr title="indoeuropäisch">e.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*u̯er-</span> ‘brennen, verbrennen, schwärzen’;</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >¦↵¦ uger. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz *warmaz]; </em>uwgerm. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gmw-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/warm *warm]</em>; <abbr title="germanisch">germ.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*''warma''-</span>; <abbr title="althochdeutsch">ahd.</abbr> (9. Jh.), <abbr title="mittelhochdeutsch">mhd.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederdeutsch">mnd.</abbr> <abbr title="altsächsisch">asächs.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederländisch">mnl.</abbr> <abbr title="niederländisch">nl.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">warm</span>'',<br></p><hr><p style="text-align: justify;" ><span class="etymwb-headword">'''<span class="etymwb-orth">warm</span>''' <span class="etymwb-gramgrp">Adj. </span></span>‘von angenehmer Temperatur’ (zwischen kalt und heiß), <abbr title="althochdeutsch">ahd.</abbr> (9. Jh.), <abbr title="mittelhochdeutsch">mhd.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederdeutsch">mnd.</abbr> <abbr title="altsächsisch">asächs.</abbr> <abbr title="mittelniederländisch">mnl.</abbr> <abbr title="niederländisch">nl.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">warm</span>'', <abbr title="altenglisch">aengl. </abbr>''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">wearm</span>'', <abbr title="englisch">engl.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">warm</span>'', <abbr title="altnordisch">anord.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">varmr</span>'', <abbr title="schwedisch">schwed.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">varm</span>'' (<abbr title="germanisch">germ.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*''warma''-</span>) läßt sich als Bildung mit m-Suffix wohl mit <abbr title="hethitisch">hethit.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">u̯ar-</span>‘brennen’, <abbr title="altslawisch">aslaw.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">varъ</span>'' ‘Hitze’, <abbr title="russisch">russ.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">var</span>'' (<span class="etymwb-mentioned">вар</span>) ‘siedendes Wasser, Pech, Hitze’, <abbr title="altslawisch">aslaw.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">variti</span>'', <abbr title="russisch">russ.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">''varít''’</span> (<span class="etymwb-mentioned">варить</span>) ‘kochen’, <abbr title="altslawisch">aslaw.</abbr> (ablautend) ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">vьrěti</span>'' ‘kochen’, <abbr title="litauisch">lit.</abbr> ''<span class="etymwb-mentioned">vìrti</span>'' ‘sprudeln, wallen, kochen’ auf eine Wurzel <abbr title="indoeuropäisch">ie.</abbr> <span class="etymwb-mentioned">*u̯er-</span> ‘brennen, verbrennen, schwärzen’ zurückführen.&nbsp;</p><hr><p style="text-align: justify;" >Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.</p>
 #From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">*gʷʰór-mo-s</em>, from <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B7%CA%B0er- *gʷʰer-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">warm, hot</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> +‎ <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mos *-mos]</em>, related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="polytonic mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek θερμός]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">thermós</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin Latin]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/formus#Latin formus]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language Persian]</span> <em class="fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85#Persian گرم]</em>‎ <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="fa-Latn">garm</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE#Sanskrit घर्म]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">gharma</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-EDPG_1-0" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz#cite_note-EDPG-1 [1]]</sup>
 #From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">*wór-mo-s</em>, from <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wer- *wer-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to burn</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> +‎ <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mos *-mos]</em>, related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language Hittite]</span> <small>[script needed]</small> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="hit-Latn">warnuzi</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-HGE_2-0" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz#cite_note-HGE-2 [2]]</sup>
-<p style="text-align: justify;" >The dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European] initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">*gʷʰer-</em> would instead have given rise to <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brinnan%C4%85 *ber-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to <span class="Latn" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burn#English burn]</span></span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> etc. (compare <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ban%C3%B4 *banô]</em> &lt; <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B7%CA%B0en- *gʷʰon-ō]</em>). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snaiwaz *snaiwaz]</em> &lt; <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sn%C3%B3yg%CA%B7%CA%B0os *snóygʷʰos]</em> and <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/neur%C3%B4 *neurô]</em> &lt; <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neg%CA%B7%CA%B0r%C3%B3s *négʷʰrō]</em>. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.</p><p style="text-align: justify;" >[/bg_collapse]</p>
+<p style="text-align: justify;" >The dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European] initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">*gʷʰer-</em> would instead have given rise to <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brinnan%C4%85 *ber-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to <span class="Latn" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burn#English burn]</span></span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> etc. (compare <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ban%C3%B4 *banô]</em> &lt; <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B7%CA%B0en- *gʷʰon-ō]</em>). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snaiwaz *snaiwaz]</em> &lt; <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sn%C3%B3yg%CA%B7%CA%B0os *snóygʷʰos]</em> and <em class="Latinx mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/neur%C3%B4 *neurô]</em> &lt; <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neg%CA%B7%CA%B0r%C3%B3s *négʷʰrō]</em>. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.</p><p style="text-align: justify;" ></p>

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Aktuelle Version vom 22. Dezember 2023, 12:56 Uhr