„prós“ – Versionsunterschied

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Version vom 17. August 2024, 05:37 Uhr

From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).^[1]

Equivalent prepositions in use for πρός (prós) from another root are ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric, ποί (poí) — Doric, πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot.

The genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like παρά (pará).

Pronunciation

[ more ▼]

IPA^(key): /prós/ → /pros/ → /pros/

Adverb

πρός • (prós)

besides, over and above, thereto, in addition

Preposition

πρός • (prós) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative)

(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward
1. from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by [with genitive]
  1. (mostly in religious formulas) before, in presence of, in the eyes of, in the sight of, in the name of
  2. (derivable from) agreeable to, becoming, like
2. (with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among
  1. off (a coast or island), bordering on (countries, peoples)
  2. before, in presence of (of people)
  3. (with verbs of motion) towards, upon, against
  4. (expressing close engagement) at the point of, engaged in
  5. (expressing union or addition) besides, in addition to
3. (with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards
  1. (with verbs implying motion) upon, against
  2. (expressing addition) over and above
  3. (with verbs of seeing) towards, facing sth., to, against (the wind), in the light of, in (e.g. open day)
  4. (in hostile or discursive sense) against, in reply to, in accusation
  5. (for various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action) with, (have certain feelings) towards, at the hands of, of, inspired by
  6. before (a gremium, witness etc.), in the eyes of (a God etc.) (of legal or other business contracted)
  7. towards (the evening etc.), at, about (of time)
  8. relating to, in reference to, in respect of, touching (some matter); in consequence of, in view of (some fact); according to (a certain document, habitude etc.)
  9. (music) accompanied by (an instrument)
  10. (in various adverbial phrases) with, under (e.g. compulsion), by means of, in (e.g. due proportion)

[1

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Aus dem Altgriechischen πρός (prós), aus dem protoindogermanischen *próti, *préti.
+<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per- *próti, *préti]</em>. Cognates include <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF#Sanskrit प्रति]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">práti</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin Latin]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pretium#Latin pretium]</em>, and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic Old Church Slavonic]</span> <em class="Cyrs mention" lang="cu">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A&action=edit&redlink=1 противъ]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="cu-Latn">protivŭ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. May be related to <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C#Ancient_Greek πρό]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">pró</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">before</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#cite_note-1 <span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span>]</sup></p><p>Equivalent prepositions in use for <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc"><strong class="selflink">πρός</strong></em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">prós</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> from another root are <span class="Polyt" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF#Ancient_Greek ποτί]</span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">potí</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> — <span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Greek Epic]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_Greek Doric]</span>, <span class="Polyt" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 ποί]</span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">poí</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> — <span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_Greek Doric]</span>, <span class="Polyt" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%82&action=edit&redlink=1 πός]</span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">pós</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> — <span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek Arcadocypriot]</span>.</p><p>The genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC#Ancient_Greek παρά]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">pará</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+=== Pronunciation ===
-Präposition
+</div><div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations"><span class="vsToggleElement"><span class="NavToggle">[ more ▼]</span>&nbsp;</span><div class="vsShow">
+*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_phonology key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/prós/</span> → <span class="IPA">/pros/</span> → <span class="IPA">/pros/</span>
-προς • (Profis) (+ Akkusativ)
+</div></div><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+=== Adverb ===
-(positional) in Richtung, in Richtung, zu<br>Bitte beachten Sie, dass dies nicht der Fall ist.<br>Prochórise pros to scholeío.<br>Sie ging zu Fuß zur Schule<br>(zeitlich) hin<br>Ich bin nicht in der Lage, das Problem zu lösen.<br>Vorteile, um Gála ligostévei se posótita zu erreichen.<br>Gegen Abend nimmt die Milchmenge ab.
+</div><p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Polyt headword" lang="grc">πρός</strong> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Ancient_Greek_transliteration •] (<span class="headword-tr tr Latn" dir="ltr" lang="grc-Latn">prós</span>)</span></p>
+#[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besides#English besides], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/over_and_above#English over and above], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thereto#English thereto], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_addition#English in addition]
-<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek πρός]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">prós</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latnx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per- *próti, *préti]</em>.</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
-=== <span id="Preposition">Preposition</span> ===
+=== Preposition ===
-<p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Grek headword" lang="el">προς</strong> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Greek_transliteration •] (<span class="headword-tr tr Latn" dir="ltr" lang="el-Latn">pros</span>) (''+ accusative'')</span></p>
+</div><p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Polyt headword" lang="grc">πρός</strong> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Ancient_Greek_transliteration •] (<span class="headword-tr tr Latn" dir="ltr" lang="grc-Latn">prós</span>) (''governs the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#genitive genitive], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#dative dative]<span class="serial-and"> and</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#accusative accusative]'')</span></p>
-#<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">positional</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/towards towards], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toward toward], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/to to]
+#<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">expressing direction</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> on the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/side#English side] of, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/from#English from], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at#English at], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/to#English to], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forward#English forward] to, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toward#English toward]
-#:<div class="h-usage-example"><em class="Grek mention e-example" lang="el">Προχώρησε '''προς''' το σχολείο.</em>
+##from, on the side of, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/towards#English towards], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pertaining#English pertaining] to, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at_the_hand_of#English at the hand of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by#English by] [''with'' <span class="object-usage-tag">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#genitive_case genitive]</span>]
-:#:<em class="e-transliteration tr Latn" lang="el-Latn">Prochórise '''pros''' to scholeío.</em>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">mostly in religious formulas</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/before#English before], in [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/presence#English presence] of, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_the_eyes_of#English in the eyes of], in the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sight#English sight] of, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_the_name_of#English in the name of]
-:#:<span class="e-translation">She walked '''to''' school</span>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">derivable from</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agreeable#English agreeable] to, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/becoming#English becoming], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/like#English like]
-</div>
+##<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">with dative<span class="ib-comma">,</span> expressing proximity</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hard_by#English hard by], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/near#English near] to, at, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/among#English among]
-#<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">temporal</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/towards towards]
+###[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/off#English off] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">a coast or island</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bordering_on#English bordering on] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">countries, peoples</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
-#:<div class="h-usage-example"><em class="Grek mention e-example" lang="el">'''Προς''' το βράδυ το γάλα λιγοστεύει σε ποσότητα.</em>
+###before, in [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/presence#English presence] of <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">of people</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
-:#:<em class="e-transliteration tr Latn" lang="el-Latn">'''Pros''' to vrády to gála ligostévei se posótita.</em>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">with verbs of motion</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> towards, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upon#English upon], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/against#English against]
-:#:<span class="e-translation">'''Towards''' evening the quantity of milk diminishes.</span>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">expressing close engagement</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at_the_point_of#English at the point of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/engaged#English engaged] in
-</div>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">expressing union or addition</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besides#English besides], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_addition_to#English in addition to]
+##<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">with accusative<span class="ib-comma">,</span> expressing motion or direction</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> towards
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">with verbs implying motion</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> upon, against
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">expressing addition</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/over_and_above#English over and above]
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">with verbs of seeing</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> towards, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/facing#English facing] sth., to, against <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">the wind</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_the_light_of#English in the light of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in#English in] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">e.g. open day</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">in hostile or discursive sense</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> against, in [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reply#English reply] to, in [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusation#English accusation]
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">for various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with#English with], <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">have certain feelings</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> towards, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at_the_hands_of#English at the hands of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/of#English of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inspired#English inspired] by
+###before <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">a gremium, witness etc.</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_the_eyes_of#English in the eyes of] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">a God etc.</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">of legal or other business contracted</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
+###towards <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">the evening etc.</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, at, about <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">of time</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
+###[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/relating#English relating] to, in [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reference#English reference] to, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_respect_of#English in respect of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/touching#English touching] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">some matter</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>; in consequence of, in view of <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">some fact</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>; [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/according_to#English according to] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">a certain document, habitude etc.</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
+###<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/music#English music]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accompanied#English accompanied] by <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">an instrument</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
+###<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">in various adverbial phrases</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> with, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/under#English under] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">e.g. compulsion</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by_means_of#English by means of], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in#English in] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">e.g. due proportion</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Version vom 17. August 2024, 05:37 Uhr

Pronunciation

Adverb

Preposition