„-ulus“ – Versionsunterschied
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Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos&action=edit&redlink=1 *-elos]</em> (whence <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faliscan_language Faliscan]</span> <em class="Ital mention" lang="xfa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%F0%90%8C%84%F0%90%8C%8B%F0%90%8C%8F%F0%90…“ |
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[[-ul]][[-us]] {{lat.}} '[[-el]]' | |||
From <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Italic_language|Proto-Italic]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos&action=edit&redlink=1 *-elos]</em> (whence <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Faliscan_language|Faliscan]]</span> <em class="Ital mention" lang="xfa">[[wikt:-𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔#Faliscan|-𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="xfa-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">-elos</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>), from <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European_language|Proto-Indo-European]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-el%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1 *-elós]</em>, thematized from <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European_language|Proto-Indo-European]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós|*-lós]]</em>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[[wikt:-ulus#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><p>Cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language Proto-Germanic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz *-ilaz]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ulaz *-ulaz]</em>, whence no longer productive <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language English]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-le#English -le]</em> (as in <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimple#English dimple]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nozzle#English nozzle]</em>), <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language Dutch]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="nl">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-el#Dutch -el]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language German]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="de">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-el#German -el]</em>.</p> | |||
=== <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> === | === <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> === | ||
Version vom 14. März 2024, 15:47 Uhr
From Proto-Italic *-elos (whence Faliscan -𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔 (-elos)), from Proto-Indo-European *-elós, thematized from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.[1]
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz and *-ulaz, whence no longer productive English -le (as in dimple and nozzle), Dutch -el, German -el.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /u.lus/, [ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /u.lus/, [ulus] (stressed on the antepenult)
Suffix
-ulus (feminine -ula, neuter -ulum); first/second-declension suffix
- Used to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating small size or youth.
- Used to form a diminutive of an adjective with diminished effect, indicating “somewhat” or “-ish”.
- Used to form an agent noun or adjective from a verb.
Usage notes
The suffix -ulus is added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun. Latin diminutives typically match the gender of the base word.
- Examples:
- rēx m (“king”) + -ulus → rēgulus m (“prince, petty king”)
- virga f (“twig, rod, switch, staff”) + -ulus → virgula f (“little twig, small rod, wand”)
- oppidum n (“town, settlement”) + -ulus → oppidulum n (“small town or settlement, village”)
- calx f (“limestone, game counter”) + -ulus → calculus m (“pebble, little stone”)
The allomorph -olus, -ola, -olum is regularly used to form diminutives of nouns ending in -ius, -ia, -ium, -eus, -ea, -eum.
When added to an adjective, it forms a diminutive of that adjective:
When added to a verb, it forms an adjective with the relational meaning “doing …” or “tending to …”:
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -ulus | -ula | -ulum | -ulī | -ulae | -ula | |
| Genitive | -ulī | -ulae | -ulī | -ulōrum | -ulārum | -ulōrum | |
| Dative | -ulō | -ulō | -ulīs | ||||
| Accusative | -ulum | -ulam | -ulum | -ulōs | -ulās | -ula | |
| Ablative | -ulō | -ulā | -ulō | -ulīs | |||
| Vocative | -ule | -ula | -ulum | -ulī | -ulae | -ula | |