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| === <span id="Pronunciation_14">Pronunciation</span> ===
| | vīs {{uital.-lat.}} [[Kraft]], [[power]], [[Strenge]], [[Wirkend]], [[Fähigkeit]], [[Potenz]] |
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| *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u̯iːs/</span>, <span class="IPA">[u̯iːs̠]</span>
| | === <span id="Etymology_1_5">Etymologie 1</span> === |
| *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vis/</span>, <span class="IPA">[vis]</span>
| | from <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European_language|Proto-Indo-European]]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/w%C3%A9yh%E2%82%81s&action=edit&redlink=1 *wéyh₁s]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">force, vehemence</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyh₁-|*weyh₁-]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to rush</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Cognate with <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Ancient_Greek|Ancient Greek]]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[[wikt:ἴς#Ancient_Greek|ἴς]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="grc-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ís</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">strength</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[[wikipedia:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[[wikt:वयस्#Sanskrit|वयस्]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="sa-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">vayas</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">enjoyment, vigor, youth, age</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. See also <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:via#Latin|via]]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:invitus#Latin|invītus]]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:invito#Latin|invītō]]</em>, Ancient Greek <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[[wikt:οἶμος#Ancient_Greek|οἶμος]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="grc-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">oîmos</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. |
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| | Von uital <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wīs|*wīs]]</em>, von uig. *[[wéyh₁s]] „Kraft, Heftigkeit“, von *[[weyh₁-]] „sich stürzen, eilen“. Verwandt mit agrie. ἴς [[ís]], „Stärke“, Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, „Freude, Kraft, Jugend, Alter“). Siehe auch via, invītus, invītō, Altgriechisch οἶμος (oîmos). |
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| | ==== Substantiv ==== |
| | vīs f (unregelmäßig, Genitiv *vīs); dritte Deklination |
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| === <span id="Etymology_1_5">Etymology 1</span> ===
| | # Kraft, Power, Strenge, Wirkend, Fähigkeit, Potenz |
| <p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/w%C4%ABs *wīs]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/w%C3%A9yh%E2%82%81s&action=edit&redlink=1 *wéyh₁s]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">force, vehemence</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, from <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyh%E2%82%81- *weyh₁-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to rush</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B4%CF%82#Ancient_Greek ἴς]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">ís</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">strength</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit वयस्]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">vayas</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">enjoyment, vigor, youth, age</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. See also <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/via#Latin via]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/invitus#Latin invītus]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/invito#Latin invītō]</em>, Ancient Greek <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BF%E1%BC%B6%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek οἶμος]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">oîmos</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p>
| | ## Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym"><span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:robur#Latin|rōbur]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:ops#Latin|ops]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:vehementia#Latin|vehementia]]</span></span> |
| ==== <span id="Noun_10">Noun</span> ====
| | # (im Plural) Stärke, Macht (physikalisch) |
| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">vīs</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#irregular irregular]'', ''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Latin/vis&action=edit&redlink=1 *vīs]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_third_declension third declension]''</p>
| | ## omnibus vīribus – mit all seiner Kraft; mit aller Kraft; mit all ihrer Kraft |
| #[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/force#English force], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/power#English power], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strength#English strength], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vigor#English vigor], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/faculty#English faculty], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potency#English potency] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
| | # Gewalt, Körperverletzung |
| #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/robur#Latin rōbur]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ops#Latin ops]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vehementia#Latin vehementia]</span></span>
| | #* Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym"><span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:aggressio#Latin|aggressiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:impressio#Latin|impressiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:assultus#Latin|assultus]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:invasio#Latin|invāsiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:concursus#Latin|concursus]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:impetus#Latin|impetus]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:appetitus#Latin|appetītus]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:occursio#Latin|occursiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:oppugnatio#Latin|oppugnātiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:incursus#Latin|incursus]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:incursio#Latin|incursiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:petitio#Latin|petītiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:ictus#Latin|ictus]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:procella#Latin|procella]]</span></span> |
| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">in the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#plural plural]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strength#English strength], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/might#English might] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">physical</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> | | #* <span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">ad '''vim''' atque [[wikt:ad_arma#Latin|ad arma]] confugere</em></span> – Aufruf zu Gewalt und Kampf |
| #:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">omnibus '''vīribus'''</em> ― <span class="e-translation">with all his '''strength'''; with all her '''might'''; with all their '''force'''</span></span> | | # (im übertragenen Sinne) Meinung, Bedeutung, Natur, Wesen und Wert eines Wortes |
| #[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/violence#English violence], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assault#English assault] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span> | | # (im übertragenen Sinne) Angriff, Beleidigung |
| #:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aggressio#Latin aggressiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impressio#Latin impressiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assultus#Latin assultus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/invasio#Latin invāsiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concursus#Latin concursus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impetus#Latin impetus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/appetitus#Latin appetītus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occursio#Latin occursiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oppugnatio#Latin oppugnātiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incursus#Latin incursus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incursio#Latin incursiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petitio#Latin petītiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ictus#Latin ictus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procella#Latin procella]</span></span> | | # (im übertragenen Sinne) Menge, Überschwemmung |
| | # (Neulatein, Physik) Energie, Kraft |
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| #:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">ad '''vim''' atque [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ad_arma#Latin ad arma] confugere</em> ― <span class="e-translation">appeal to '''violence''' and fighting</span></span>
| | ===== Nutzungshinweise ===== |
| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#figurative figuratively]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meaning#English meaning], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/significance#English significance], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nature#English nature], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/essence#English essence] and [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/value#English value] of a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/word#English word]
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| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#figurative figuratively]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assault#English assault], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affront#English affront]
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| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#figurative figuratively]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quantity#English quantity], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flood#English flood]
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| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latin New Latin]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/physics#English physics]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/energy#English energy], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/force#English force]
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| ===== <span id="Usage_notes">Usage notes</span> ===== | | * Der Genitiv und der Dativ Singular werden nicht häufig verwendet (in Ausnahmefällen sind sie entsprechend) und werden durch Formen von ''[[rōbur]]'' (rōboris, rōborī) ersetzt. |
| | * Die Pluralformen dieses Substantivs werden oft als separates <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[[wikt:plurale_tantum#English|plurale tantum]]</em> Substantiv mit der eindeutigen Bedeutung „physische Kraft“ behandelt. Gelegentlich findet sich ein entsprechender Nominativ/Akkusativ vīs, beginnend mit [[Lucretius]]. |
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| *The genitive and dative singular are not in common use (with exceptional attestations being analogical) and substituted with forms of <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/robur#Latin rōbur]</em> (<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roboris#Latin rōboris]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/robori#Latin rōborī]</em>). | | <span id="Pronunciation_14">Pronunciation</span> |
| *The plural forms of this noun are often treated as a separate <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plurale_tantum#English plurale tantum]</em> noun, with a distinct meaning of physical force. An analogical nominative/accusative <em class="Latn mention" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">vīs</strong></em> is occasionally found, beginning with Lucretius.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vis#cite_note-3 [1]]</sup> | | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u̯iːs/</span>, <span class="IPA">[u̯iːs̠]</span> |
| | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vis/</span>, <span class="IPA">[vis]</span> |
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| ===== <span id="Declension_2">Declension</span> ===== | | ===== <span id="Declension_2">Declension</span> ===== |
vīs uital.-lat. Kraft, power, Strenge, Wirkend, Fähigkeit, Potenz
Etymologie 1
from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).
Von uital *wīs, von uig. *wéyh₁s „Kraft, Heftigkeit“, von *weyh₁- „sich stürzen, eilen“. Verwandt mit agrie. ἴς ís, „Stärke“, Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, „Freude, Kraft, Jugend, Alter“). Siehe auch via, invītus, invītō, Altgriechisch οἶμος (oîmos).
Substantiv
vīs f (unregelmäßig, Genitiv *vīs); dritte Deklination
- Kraft, Power, Strenge, Wirkend, Fähigkeit, Potenz
- Synonyme: rōbur, ops, vehementia
- (im Plural) Stärke, Macht (physikalisch)
- omnibus vīribus – mit all seiner Kraft; mit aller Kraft; mit all ihrer Kraft
- Gewalt, Körperverletzung
- Synonyme: aggressiō, impressiō, assultus, invāsiō, concursus, impetus, appetītus, occursiō, oppugnātiō, incursus, incursiō, petītiō, ictus, procella
- ad vim atque ad arma confugere – Aufruf zu Gewalt und Kampf
- (im übertragenen Sinne) Meinung, Bedeutung, Natur, Wesen und Wert eines Wortes
- (im übertragenen Sinne) Angriff, Beleidigung
- (im übertragenen Sinne) Menge, Überschwemmung
- (Neulatein, Physik) Energie, Kraft
Nutzungshinweise
- Der Genitiv und der Dativ Singular werden nicht häufig verwendet (in Ausnahmefällen sind sie entsprechend) und werden durch Formen von rōbur (rōboris, rōborī) ersetzt.
- Die Pluralformen dieses Substantivs werden oft als separates plurale tantum Substantiv mit der eindeutigen Bedeutung „physische Kraft“ behandelt. Gelegentlich findet sich ein entsprechender Nominativ/Akkusativ vīs, beginnend mit Lucretius.
Pronunciation
Declension
Third-declension noun (irregular, defective).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁si, second-person singular present of *wéyh₁ti. This particular form is suppletive, in contrast to the other forms of volō, which derive from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. (Proto-Italic *wels became a separate word (vel (“or, and/or”), to be specific) in Latin.)
Verb
vīs
- second-person singular present active indicative of volō
Derived terms
