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[[mal]][[-us]] {{uital.-lat.}}
[[mal]][[-us]] [[Sprachstufe::uit.-lat.]]


vgl.  ''[[mālus]]''<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/malos&action=edit&redlink=1 *malos]</em>, related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_language Oscan]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="osc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=mallom&action=edit&redlink=1 mallom]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="osc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=mallud&action=edit&redlink=1 mallud]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">bad</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, probably from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel- *(s)mel-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">false, bad</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language Lithuanian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melas#Lithuanian melas]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">lie</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and the first element of <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek βλάσφημος]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">blásphēmos</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">jinx</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Alternatively, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mal- *(s)mal-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">small</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, it would then be a cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language English]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/small#English small]</em>.</p><p>Originally associated with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82#Ancient_Greek μέλας]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">mélas</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">black, dark</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, but support for this is waning. Also compare <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan Avestan]</span> <em class="Avst mention" lang="ae">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%AC%A8%F0%90%AC%80%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%AD%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%80&action=edit&redlink=1 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="ae-Latn">ma<sup><small>i</small></sup>riia</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">treacherous</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2#Sanskrit मल]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">mala</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">dirtiness, impurity</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></p>
vgl.  ''[[mālus]]''<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/malos&action=edit&redlink=1 *malos]</em>, related to <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_language Oscan]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="osc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=mallom&action=edit&redlink=1 mallom]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="osc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=mallud&action=edit&redlink=1 mallud]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">bad</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, probably from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel- *(s)mel-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">false, bad</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language Lithuanian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melas#Lithuanian melas]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">lie</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and the first element of <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek βλάσφημος]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">blásphēmos</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">jinx</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Alternatively, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mal- *(s)mal-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">small</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, it would then be a cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language English]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/small#English small]</em>.</p><p>Originally associated with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82#Ancient_Greek μέλας]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">mélas</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">black, dark</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, but support for this is waning. Also compare <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan Avestan]</span> <em class="Avst mention" lang="ae">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%AC%A8%F0%90%AC%80%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%AD%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%80&action=edit&redlink=1 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="ae-Latn">ma<sup><small>i</small></sup>riia</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">treacherous</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2#Sanskrit मल]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">mala</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">dirtiness, impurity</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></p>

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 11:02 Uhr

mal-us uit.-lat.

vgl. mālus

From Proto-Italic *malos, related to Oscan mallom and mallud (“bad”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“false, bad”), cognate with Lithuanian melas (“lie”) and the first element of Ancient Greek βλάσφημος (blásphēmos, “jinx”). Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”), it would then be a cognate with English small.

Originally associated with Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “black, dark”), but support for this is waning. Also compare Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mairiia, “treacherous”) and Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirtiness, impurity”)

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

malus (feminine mala, neuter malum, comparative pēior, superlative pessimus, adverb male); first/second-declension adjective

  1. unpleasant, distressing, painful, nasty, bad
    Abī in malam crucem, malum cruciātum. ― Go away to a bad cross, bad crucifixion. [A saying referring back to a Roman army post-defeat mass fratricide/suicide act (to avoid a worse fate from the enemy victors; i.e., our own Roman engineered torture is a better fate/prospect) cited from Caesar's Gallic War Commentaries]
    Mala rēs. ― Trouble, bad business.
    Mala aetās. ― Old age.
  2. unpleasant to the senses, sight, smell, taste, touch
    Mala faciēs. ― Ugly face.
  3. bad, evil, wicked, mischievous
    Malus et nēquam homō. ― An evil and wicked man.
    Dolus malus. ― Deliberate deception, malice afterthought (legal language).
  4. destructive, hurtful, noxious, evil
    Consuētūdō mala. ― A bad habit.
    Mala vōta, carmina susurrāre. ― To whisper evil spells, incantations.
  5. unkind, hostile, abusive
    Mala verba. ― Abuses.
  6. associated with bad luck, unlucky, unfavourable, unfortunate, adverse, evil
    Mala tempestās. ― Bad, unfavourable, unsuitable weather.
    Malam fāmam ferre. ― To bring bad reputation, ill fame.
    Malīs avibus. ― Under evil auspices. (literally, “Under bad birds.”)
    Reliquiae malae pugnae. ― Remnants of an unsuccessful, adverse battle.
  7. poor in condition or capacity, inept
    Mala merx/mers. ― A bad lot (of persons).
    Malā mente esse. ― To be out of one's mind.
    Pessimus poēta. ― The worst poet.
Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative malus mala malum malī malae mala
Genitive malī malae malī malōrum malārum malōrum
Dative malō malō malīs
Accusative malum malam malum malōs malās mala
Ablative malō malā malō malīs
Vocative male mala malum malī malae mala
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
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