„-ula“ – Versionsunterschied
| [ungesichtete Version] | [ungesichtete Version] |
Keine Bearbeitungszusammenfassung |
Keine Bearbeitungszusammenfassung |
||
| Zeile 6: | Zeile 6: | ||
Vermutlich aus dem Proto-Indogermanischen *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten. | Vermutlich aus dem Proto-Indogermanischen *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten. | ||
The words <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regula#Latin rēgula]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tegula#Latin tēgula]</em> are notable in showing a lengthened vowel relative to the base verbs <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rego#Latin regō]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tego#Latin tegō]</em>. Sihler (1979) reconstructs *-dʰl- in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regula#Latin rēgula]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tegula#Latin tēgula]</em>; in contrast, Nielsen (1998) reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachmann%27s_law Lachmann's Law]before a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rectus#Latin rēctus]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tectus#Latin tēctus]</em>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ula#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup> As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">rēcula</em> and *<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">tēcula</em>), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /g/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stragulum#Latin strāgulum]</em> and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tragula#Latin trāgula]</em>. (Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neglego#Latin neglego]</em>, and is argued by Sen 2015 to have occurred in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/publicus#Latin pūblicus]</em>; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-culum#Latin -culum]</em> such as <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poculum#Latin pōculum]</em>). | |||
Alternativ verwandt mit dem Suffix -ulus, das zur Bildung einiger deverbaler Agentensubstantive wie gerulus, gerula verwendet wird. | Alternativ verwandt mit dem Suffix -ulus, das zur Bildung einiger deverbaler Agentensubstantive wie gerulus, gerula verwendet wird. | ||
| Zeile 33: | Zeile 35: | ||
== <span id="Latin">Latin</span> == | == <span id="Latin">Latin</span> == | ||
=== <span id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</span> === | === <span id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</span> === | ||
<p>Probably from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom *-tlom, *-dʰlom]</em>, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.</p><div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead"><span class="NavToggle">[ show ▼]</span>More information</div></div><p>Alternatively, related to the suffix <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulus#Latin -ulus]</em> used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gerulus#Latin gerulus]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gerula#Latin gerula]</em>.</p><p>Compare instrument nouns in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulum#Latin -ulum]</em>.</p> | <p>Probably from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom *-tlom, *-dʰlom]</em>, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.</p> | ||
<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead"><span class="NavToggle">[ show ▼]</span>More information</div></div> | |||
<p>Alternatively, related to the suffix <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulus#Latin -ulus]</em> used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gerulus#Latin gerulus]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gerula#Latin gerula]</em>.</p> | |||
<p>Compare instrument nouns in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulum#Latin -ulum]</em>.</p> | |||
==== <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> ==== | ==== <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> ==== | ||
| Zeile 47: | Zeile 53: | ||
===== <span id="Declension">Declension</span> ===== | ===== <span id="Declension">Declension</span> ===== | ||
<p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension First-declension] noun.</p> | <p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension First-declension] noun.</p> | ||
{| class="wikitable inflection-table inflection-table-la" | {| class="wikitable inflection-table inflection-table-la" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="corner-header" | Case | ! class="corner-header" | Case | ||
! class="number-header" | Singular | ! class="number-header" | Singular | ||
! class="number-header" | Plural | ! class="number-header" | Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative] | ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative] | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ula</strong></span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ula</strong></span> | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive] | ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive] | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ularum#Latin -ulārum]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ularum#Latin -ulārum]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative] | ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative] | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulis#Latin -ulīs]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulis#Latin -ulīs]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative] | ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative] | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulam#Latin -ulam]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulam#Latin -ulam]</span> | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulas#Latin -ulās]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulas#Latin -ulās]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative] | ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative] | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ulā</strong></span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ulā</strong></span> | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulis#Latin -ulīs]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulis#Latin -ulīs]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative] | ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative] | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ula</strong></span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ula</strong></span> | ||
| class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Version vom 7. Januar 2024, 09:09 Uhr
-ula
Latein
Etymologie 1
Vermutlich aus dem Proto-Indogermanischen *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten.
The words rēgula and tēgula are notable in showing a lengthened vowel relative to the base verbs regō and tegō. Sihler (1979) reconstructs *-dʰl- in rēgula and tēgula; in contrast, Nielsen (1998) reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of Lachmann's Lawbefore a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles rēctus and tēctus).[1] As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*rēcula and *tēcula), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /g/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > strāgulum and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > trāgula. (Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in neglego, and is argued by Sen 2015 to have occurred in pūblicus; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in -culum such as pōculum).
Alternativ verwandt mit dem Suffix -ulus, das zur Bildung einiger deverbaler Agentensubstantive wie gerulus, gerula verwendet wird.
Vergleichen Sie Instrumentensubstantive in -ulum.
Aussprache
(Klassische) IPA(Taste): /u.la/, [ʊɫ̪ä]
(modernes italienisch-kirchliches) IPA (Schlüssel): /u.la/, [ulä] (betont auf dem Vorsatz)
Suffix
-ula f (Genitiv -ulae); erste Deklination
Substantivsuffix, das Instrument bezeichnet.
regō + -ula → rēgula
tegō + -ula → tēgula
Deklination
Substantiv der ersten Deklination.
Latin
Etymology 1
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.
[ show ▼]More information
Alternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula.
Compare instrument nouns in -ulum.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /u.la/, [ʊɫ̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /u.la/, [ulä] (stressed on the antepenult)
Suffix
-ula f (genitive -ulae); first declension
- Noun suffix denoting instrument.
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ula | -ulae |
| Genitive | -ulae | -ulārum |
| Dative | -ulae | -ulīs |
| Accusative | -ulam | -ulās |
| Ablative | -ulā | -ulīs |
| Vocative | -ula | -ulae |