„arma“ – Versionsunterschied

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Version vom 20. März 2024, 16:54 Uhr

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”). armentum is an independent derivation from the same root, as if from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mn̥-tom. Cognates include Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right; agreement etc.”) and अरम् (áram, “fitting”), Ancient Greek ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “to fit together”) and Old Armenian արարի (arari, “I made”).

Semantic development was "that what is fitted together" → "tools" → "weapons". Also related to ars, artus, rītus.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ma/, [ˈärmä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ma/, [ˈärmä]

Noun

arma n pl (genitive armōrum); second declension

(plural only)

arms, weapons of war, weaponry (implements of warfare) [ hypernym ▼][ quotations ▼]
1. defensive arms: armour, shields (etc.)
2. close-quarter weapons (offensive or defensive) [ antonym ▲]
  Antonym: tēla (“missiles”)
3. (poetic) missile weapons [ synonym ▲]
  Synonym: tēla
(metonymically) military action, war (arms as instruments of policy)
(abstract or concrete) warfare, battle (military exploits)
(metonymically) troops, military forces, the army
weapons as means of defence
(by extension) tools, equipment [ synonym ▲]
Synonym: armāmenta

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter), plural only.

Case	Plural
Nominative	arma
Genitive	armōrum armum
Dative	armīs
Accusative	arma
Ablative	armīs
Vocative	arma

Etymology 2

Nominative plural → feminine singular transfer common during the period.

Noun

arma f (genitive armae); first declension

(Late Latin) a piece of weaponry

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	arma	armae
Genitive	armae	armārum
Dative	armae	armīs
Accusative	armam	armās
Ablative	armā	armīs
Vocative	arma	armae

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
+ar[[-ma]] {{lat.}}
+vgl. agr. [[ᾰ̔́ρμᾰ]] ''[[hárma]], Armee''
 === <span id="Etymology_1_3">Etymology 1</span> ===
 <p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82(e)rmos&action=edit&redlink=1 *h₂(e)rmos]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">fitting</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, from the root <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82er- *h₂er-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to join</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/armentum#Latin armentum]</em> is an independent derivation from the same root, as if from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82er-mn%CC%A5-tom&action=edit&redlink=1 *h₂er-mn̥-tom]</em>. Cognates include <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%A4#Sanskrit ऋत]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">ṛtá</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">order; right; agreement etc.</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1 अरम्]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">áram</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">fitting</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%89#Ancient_Greek ἀραρίσκω]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">ararískō</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to fit together</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Armenian Old Armenian]</span> <em class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B4#Old_Armenian արարի]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="xcl-Latn">arari</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">I made</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.</p><p>Semantic development was "that what is fitted together" → "tools" → "weapons". Also related to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ars#Latin ars]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artus#Latin artus]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ritus#Latin rītus]</em>.</p>

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Version vom 20. März 2024, 16:54 Uhr

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension