„vir“ – Versionsunterschied

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Version vom 27. Juni 2024, 17:32 Uhr

vi -r uital.-lat. “Mann, männlich”, vgl. ahdt. wer "Mann";

uig. *wiHrós "Mann", uital. *wiros, sanskr. vīrá, uger. *weraz, ahd. wer "Mann", mhd. Wehr, asächs. wer, apreuß. wijrs, aengl. engl. were-, wer, lith. vyras, latv. vīrs, air. fer, anord. verr, osti. ир, ir.

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).

Pronunciation (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /u̯ir/, [u̯ɪr], (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vir/, [vir]

Substantiv vir m (Genitiv virī); zweite Deklination

Mann (erwachsener männlicher Mensch)
tapferer oder mutiger Mann, Held, Krieger
Ehemann
(Militär) Fußsoldat

Nutzungshinweise

Vir hat die Bedeutung eines erwachsenen männlichen Menschen. In Bezug auf Alter oder Reife wird es im Gegensatz zu puer „Junge“ verwendet; in Bezug auf Geschlecht oder Sex wird es im Gegensatz zu oder in Verbindung mit fēmina oder mulier („Frau“) verwendet. Im Kontext der antiken römischen Gesellschaft bezeichnete vir einen Mann mit freigeborenem Status und nicht einen versklavten Mann oder Freigelassenen. „Mann“ im Sinne von „Mensch“ wird mit dem lateinischen homō wiedergegeben (z. B. im Gegensatz zu bēstia „Tier“ oder deus „Gott“); im Sinne von männlich mit dem lateinischen mās (im Gegensatz zu fēmina „weiblich“).

Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vir	virī
Genitive	virī	virōrum
Dative	virō	virīs
Accusative	virum	virōs
Ablative	virō	virīs
Vocative	vir	virī

The genitive plural may also be virum, virûm.

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
 <p>[[vi]][[-r]] {{uital.-lat.}}&nbsp;<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">[[Mann]], [[männlich]]</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”, vgl. ahdt. ''[[wer]]'' "Mann";</span></p>
-<p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHr%C3%B3s *wiHrós]</em>&nbsp;"Mann"<em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">,&nbsp;</em>uital. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros *wiros]</em>, sanskr. ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0#Sanskrit <span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">vīrá</span>]'', uger. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/weraz *weraz],&nbsp;ahd. <span class="Latn" lang="goh">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wer#Old_High_German wer]&nbsp;"Mann", mhd. ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wehr#German Wehr]'',&nbsp;</span>asächs. ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wer#Old_Saxon wer]'',&nbsp;apreuß. ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wijrs#Old_Prussian wijrs]'', aengl. engl. <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/were-#English were-],&nbsp;</em><em class="Latinx mention" lang="ang">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wer#Old_English wer],&nbsp;</em>lith. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vyras#Lithuanian vyras]</em>, latv. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C4%ABrs#Latvian vīrs]</em>, air. <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fer#Old_Irish fer]</em>, anord. <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verr#Old_Norse verr]</em>,&nbsp;osti. <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D1%80#Ossetian ир]</em>, <span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn">ir.</span></span></p>
+<p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> uig. <em class="Latinx mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHr%C3%B3s *wiHrós]</em>&nbsp;</span>"Mann",&nbsp;uital.<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"> <em class="Latinx mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros|*wiros]]</em>, sanskr. ''[[wikt:वीर#Sanskrit|<span lang="sa-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">vīrá</span>]]'', uger. [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/weraz|*weraz]],&nbsp;ahd. <span lang="goh" class="Latn">[[wikt:wer#Old_High_German|wer]]&nbsp;</span></span>"Mann", mhd<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span lang="goh" class="Latn">. ''[[wikt:Wehr#German|Wehr]]'',&nbsp;</span>asächs. ''[[wikt:wer#Old_Saxon|wer]]'',&nbsp;apreuß. ''[[wikt:wijrs#Old_Prussian|wijrs]]'', aengl. engl. <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[[wikt:were-#English|were-]],&nbsp;</em><em class="Latinx mention" lang="ang">[[wikt:wer#Old_English|wer]],&nbsp;</em>lith. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[[wikt:vyras#Lithuanian|vyras]]</em>, latv. <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[[wikt:vīrs#Latvian|vīrs]]</em>, air. <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[[wikt:fer#Old_Irish|fer]]</em>, anord. <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[[wikt:verr#Old_Norse|verr]]</em>,&nbsp;osti. <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[[wikt:ир#Ossetian|ир]]</em>, <span lang="os-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">ir.</span></span></p>
-<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros *wiros]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHr%C3%B3s *wiHrós]</em>. Cognates include <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0#Sanskrit वीर]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="sa-Latn">vīrá</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Prussian_language Old Prussian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="prg">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wijrs#Old_Prussian wijrs]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language Lithuanian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vyras#Lithuanian vyras]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language Latvian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C4%ABrs#Latvian vīrs]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irish Old Irish]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fer#Old_Irish fer]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Old Norse]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verr#Old_Norse verr]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetian_language Ossetian]</span> <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D1%80#Ossetian ир]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn">ir</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">Ossetians</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ang">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wer#Old_English wer]</em> (English <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/were-#English were-]</em>).</p><p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;" ><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span></p>
+<p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wiros *wiros]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHr%C3%B3s *wiHrós]</em>. Cognates include <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit Sanskrit]</span> <em class="Deva mention" lang="sa">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0#Sanskrit वीर]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>[[vīrá]]<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Prussian_language Old Prussian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="prg">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wijrs#Old_Prussian wijrs]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language Lithuanian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lt">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vyras#Lithuanian vyras]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language Latvian]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="lv">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C4%ABrs#Latvian vīrs]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irish Old Irish]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="sga">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fer#Old_Irish fer]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Old Norse]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="non">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verr#Old_Norse verr]</em>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetian_language Ossetian]</span> <em class="Cyrl mention" lang="os">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D1%80#Ossetian ир]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn">ir</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">Ossetians</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ang">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wer#Old_English wer]</em> (English <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/were-#English were-]</em>).</p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
-<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+Pronunciation <span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical Latin]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u̯ir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[u̯ɪr],</span> <span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[vir]</span>
-=== Pronunciation ===
+</div>'''Substantiv vir''' m (Genitiv virī); zweite Deklination
-</div>
-*<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical Latin]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u̯ir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[u̯ɪr]</span>
+# Mann (erwachsener männlicher Mensch)
-*<span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vir/</span>, <span class="IPA">[vir]</span>
+# tapferer oder mutiger Mann, Held, Krieger
-<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+# Ehemann
-=== Noun ===
+# (Militär) Fußsoldat<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;"><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">
-</div><p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">vir</strong>&nbsp;<span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viri#Latin virī]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_second_declension second declension]''</p>
+==== Nutzungshinweise ====
-#[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/man#English man] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">adult male human</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
+</div>Vir hat die Bedeutung eines erwachsenen männlichen Menschen. In Bezug auf Alter oder Reife wird es im Gegensatz zu ''[[puer]]'' „Junge“ verwendet; in Bezug auf Geschlecht oder Sex wird es im Gegensatz zu oder in Verbindung mit ''[[fēmina]]'' oder ''[[mulier]]'' („Frau“) verwendet. Im Kontext der antiken römischen Gesellschaft bezeichnete vir einen Mann mit freigeborenem Status und nicht einen versklavten Mann oder Freigelassenen. „Mann“ im Sinne von „Mensch“ wird mit dem lateinischen ''[[homō]]'' wiedergegeben (z. B. im Gegensatz zu ''[[bēstia]]'' „Tier“ oder ''[[deus]]'' „Gott“); im Sinne von männlich mit dem lateinischen ''[[mās]]'' (im Gegensatz zu ''[[fēmina]]'' „weiblich“).
-#[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brave#English brave] or [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/courageous#English courageous] man, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hero#English hero], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warrior#English warrior]
-#[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/husband#English husband]
-#<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/military#English military]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foot_soldier#English foot soldier]
-<p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;" ><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span></p>
-<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">
-==== Usage notes ====
-</div><p><em class="Latn mention" lang="la">Vir</em> has the sense of [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adult adult] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/male male] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/human_being human being]. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puer#Latin puer]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">boy</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>; in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/femina#Latin fēmina]</em> or <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mulier#Latin mulier]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">woman</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. In the context of ancient Roman society, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">vir</em> connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vir#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup> "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homo#Latin homō]</em> (e.g., as opposed to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bestia#Latin bēstia]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">beast</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> or <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deus#Latin deus]</em><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">god</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>); in the sense of [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/male male], by Latin <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mas#Latin mās]</em> (as opposed to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/femina#Latin fēmina]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">female</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>).</p><p><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote" style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;" ><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="os-Latn"></span></span></p>
 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4">
 ==== Declension ====

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Version vom 27. Juni 2024, 17:32 Uhr

Nutzungshinweise

Declension