Zum Inhalt springen

Basic Formal Ontology

aus AufEinWort, der freien Forschung
Dies ist eine alte Version dieser Seite, zuletzt bearbeitet am 28. Januar 2026 um 11:52 Uhr durch Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge) (Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „ thumb|431x431px|BFO 2.0 '''Basic Formal Ontology''' ('''BFO''') is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and colleagues to promote interoperability among domain ontologies. The BFO methodology accomplishes this through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published by MIT Press in 2015.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Robert |las…“). Sie kann sich erheblich von der aktuellen Version unterscheiden.
(Unterschied) ← Nächstältere Version | Aktuelle Version (Unterschied) | Nächstjüngere Version → (Unterschied)
BFO 2.0

Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and colleagues to promote interoperability among domain ontologies. The BFO methodology accomplishes this through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published by MIT Press in 2015.[1]

The ontology arose against the background of research in ontologies in the domain of geospatial information science by David Mark, Pierre Grenon, Achille Varzi and others,[2] with a special role for the study of vagueness and of the ways sharp boundaries in the geospatial and other domains are created by fiat.[3][4]

BFO has passed through four major releases.[5] The current revision was released in 2020,[6] and this forms the basis of the standard ISO/IEC 21838-2,[7] which was released by the Joint Committee of the International Standards Organization and International Electrotechnical Commission in 2021.[8]

The structure of BFO is based on a division of entities into two disjoint categories of continuant and occurrent, the former consists of objects and spatial regions, the latter contains processes conceived as extended through (or spanning) time. BFO thereby seeks to consolidate both time and space within a single framework.

Applications

BFO has been adopted as a foundational ontology by over 650 ontology projects,[9] principally in the areas of biomedical ontology, security and defense (intelligence) ontology,[10] and industry ontologies.[11][6] Example applications of BFO can be seen in the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI).

In 2021, the standard ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 Information Technology — Top-level Ontologies (TLO) — Part 2: Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) was published by the Joint Technical Committee of the International Standards Organization and the International Electrotechnical Commission.[8] ISO/IEC 21838 is a multi-part standard. Part 1 of the standard[12] specifies the requirements that must be met if an ontology is to be classified as a top-level ontology by the standard.

In January 2024, BFO and the Common Core Ontologies (CCO), a suite of BFO-extension ontologies, were adopted as the "baseline standards for formal DOD and IC ontology" development work in the DOD and Intelligence Community. A memorandum to this effect was signed by the chief data officers of the DOD, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office.[13]

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Further reading

Vorlage:refbegin

  • Thomas Bittner, Maureen Donnelly, Barry Smith: A Spatio-Temporal Ontology for Geographic Information Integration. In: International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 23. Jahrgang, Nr. 6, 2009, S. 765–798, doi:10.1080/13658810701776767, bibcode:2009IJGIS..23..765B (buffalo.edu [PDF]).
  • Ludger Jansen: Tendencies and other Realizables in Medical Information Sciences. In: The Monist. 90. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, Oktober 2007, S. 534–554, doi:10.5840/monist200790436 (buffalo.edu [PDF]).
  • Katherine Munn (Hrsg.): Applied Ontology: An Introduction. Walter de Gruyter, 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-032486-0 (philarchive.org).
  • Fabian Neuhaus, Pierre Grenon, Barry Smith: Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the Third International Conference (FOIS-2004). Hrsg.: Achille C. Varzi (= Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications). IOS Press, 2004, ISBN 1-58603-468-5, A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, S. 49–59 (buffalo.edu [PDF]).
  • Luc Schneider: Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference (FOIS 2010). Hrsg.: Antony Galton (= Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications. Band 209). IOS Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60750-534-1, Revisiting the Ontological Square, S. 73– (ifomis.org [PDF]).
  • B. Smith, P. Grenon: The Cornucopia of Formal-Ontological Relations. In: Dialectica. 58. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2004, S. 79–296, doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.2004.tb00305.x (buffalo.edu [PDF]).
  • Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bert Klagges, Jacob Köhler, Anand Kumar, Jane Lomax, Chris Mungall, Fabian Neuhaus, Alan Rector, Cornelius Rosse: Relations in Biomedical Ontologies. In: Genome Biology. 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, 2005, S. R46, doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r46, PMID 15892874, PMC 1175958 (freier Volltext).
  • B. Smith, W. Ceusters: Ontological Realism as a Methodology for Coordinated Evolution of Scientific Ontologies. In: Applied Ontology. 5. Jahrgang, Nr. 3–4, 2010, S. 139–188, doi:10.3233/AO-2010-0079, PMID 21637730, PMC 3104413 (freier Volltext).
  • N. Otte, J. Beverley, A. Ruttenberg: BFO: Basic Formal Ontology. In: Applied Ontology. 17. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 2022, S. 17–43, doi:10.3233/AO-220262 (philpapers.org).

Vorlage:refend

  1. ↑ Robert Arp, Barry Smith, Andrew D. Spear: Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology. MIT Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-262-52781-1 (google.com).
  2. ↑ P. Grenon, B. Smith: SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology. In: Spatial Cognition and Computation. 4. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 2004, S. 69–103, doi:10.1207/s15427633scc0401_5, bibcode:2004SpCC....4...69G (buffalo.edu [PDF]).
  3. ↑ Barry Smith, Achille C. Varzi: Fiat and bona fide boundaries: Towards an ontology of spatially extended objects. In: International Conference on Spatial Information Theory. 30. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2003, S. 103–119 (philarchive.org).
  4. ↑ Barry Smith, David M. Mark: Do mountains exist? Towards an ontology of landforms. In: Environment and Planning B. 30. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2003, S. 411–428, doi:10.1068/b12821, bibcode:2003EnPlB..30..411S (philarchive.org).
  5. ↑ BFO Release History. In: National Center for Ontological Research Wiki. Abgerufen am 22. November 2024.
  6. ↑ a b Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) 2020. Abgerufen am 24. Juni 2021.
  7. ↑ Standard may be downloaded from ISO/IEC 21838-2.
  8. ↑ a b ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 Information technology - Top-level ontologies (TLO) Part 2: Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). In: ISO.org. International Standards Organization, November 2021, abgerufen am 22. November 2024.
  9. ↑ Ontologies and institutions/groups using BFO. In: Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). Abgerufen am 2. Dezember 2022.
  10. ↑ Peter Morosoff, Ron Rudnicki, Jason Bryant, Robert Farrell and Barry Smith, "Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability", in Semantic Technology for Intelligence, Defense and Security (STIDS). CEUR vol. 1325. pp. 2-9 (2015).
  11. ↑ Industrial Ontologies Foundry. In: oagi.org. Open Applications Group (OAGi);
  12. ↑ ISO/IEC 21838-1:2021 Information technology - Top-level ontologies (TLO) Part 1: Requirements. In: ISO.org. International Standards Organization;
  13. ↑ Bert Gambini: DOD, Intelligence Community adopt resource developed by UB ontologists. University at Buffalo, 28. Februar 2024;.
Abgerufen von „https://aufeinwort.info/w/index.php?title=Basic_Formal_Ontology&oldid=161711“