proprius
Erscheinungsbild
Most likely from Proto-Italic *pro- + *prijos (“own, dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”). Since pro- can hardly be explained as a nominal prefix, Forssman (2004) explains it as having been extended to the adjective from the verb propriāre, once-attested as propriāssit. Cognate to Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”), Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”) and Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”), Welsh rhydd (“free”), English free.
Other suggestions include:
- for *proprīvus, from the root of prīvus (“individual”), from Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”).
- for *propatrius, from pro- + pater, meaning “from one's forefathers”, taking Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”) as comparison.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.pri.us/, [ˈprɔpriʊs̠] or IPA(key): /ˈprop.ri.us/, [ˈprɔpriʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.pri.us/, [ˈprɔːprius] or IPA(key): /ˈprop.ri.us/, [ˈprɔprius]
Adjective
proprius (feminine propria, neuter proprium); first/second-declension adjective
- appropriate to oneself: (one's) proper, (one's) own (inalienably)
- belonging to oneself as property, or goods: (one's) own (alienably) [ quotations ▼]
- particular to one individual, group, or case: characteristic, distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, individual, specialized
- not shared with others: personal, private, exclusive [ antonym ▲]
- Antonym: commūnis
- (of activities) proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things
- (of words) proper, literal, strict [ antonyms ▲]
- Antonyms: trā(ns)lāticius, trā(ns)lātus
- concrete, specific
- used of proper nouns
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | proprius | propria | proprium | propriī | propriae | propria | |
| Genitive | propriī | propriae | propriī | propriōrum | propriārum | propriōrum | |
| Dative | propriō | propriō | propriīs | ||||
| Accusative | proprium | propriam | proprium | propriōs | propriās | propria | |
| Ablative | propriō | propriā | propriō | propriīs | |||
| Vocative | proprie | propria | proprium | propriī | propriae | propria | |