mandō
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈman.doː/, [ˈmän̪d̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈman.do/, [ˈmän̪d̪o]
- Hyphenation: man‧do
Etymology 1
From manus (“hand”) + -dō (“give”).
Verb
mandō (present infinitive mandāre, perfect active mandāvī, supine mandātum); first conjugation
- to order, command, enjoin [ synonyms ▲]
- to put in hand; deliver over
- to commit, consign [ synonyms ▲]
- to confide
- to commission
- to put in writing
- to send word to
- to entrust
Conjugation
| [ more ▼] Conjugation of mandō (first conjugation) |
|---|
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
[792] 1. mando, āvī, ātum, āre (aus manus u. do; vgl. Wölfflin im Archiv 13, 49), I) übergeben, anvertrauen, überlassen, alci magistratum, Cic.: honores (der eig. Ausdruck vom Volke, das zu Ehrenstellen wählt), Cic.: alqam (filiam) viro, zur Frau geben, Plaut.: epistulam, Plaut.: bona fidei alcis, Ter.: alqm aeternis tenebris, Cic.: dah. semen terrae, den S. der E. anvertrauen = säen, Colum.: so auch hordea sulcis, Verg.: corpus humo = beerdigen, Verg.: se fugae, fliehen, Caes.: so auch vitam fugae, Cic.: alqd mentibus, einprägen, Cic.: memoriae, im Gedächtnis behalten, merken, auswendig lernen, Cic., od. der Nachwelt überliefern, Liv.: litteris, schriftlich verfassen, verzeichnen, Cic.: scriptis, historiae, versibus, Cic.: alqd penitus animis mentibusqae, Cic.: fruges vetustati, lange aufheben, alt werden lassen, Cic.: caput clavae, anlehnen, Sen. poët.: alqm malis (den Backen) = verschlingen,Acc. tr. u. Lucr.: pestis mandata hostili manu, das Verderben, das mir von feindlicher Hand anvertraut ist u. das ich gleichs. verwahre, Enn. fr. scen. 162. – II) auftragen = Auftrag (Befehl, die Weisung) geben, aufträglich befehlen, anbefehlen, bestellen, benachrichtigen oder sagen lassen, α) mit Acc.: typos tibi mando (sc. comparandos, emendos), Cic.: excusationem, Suet.: Rhodiaca vasa mandavi (sc. emenda etc.), habe bestellt usw., Cic.: adoptionem, zur Einsetzung eines Thronerben A. g., Iustin.: alci parricidium, Sen. rhet.: tibi de nostris rebus nihil sum mandaturus per litteras, Cic.: res mandata, Cic. – u. alqd ad alqm, arcanum nefas Stygias ad undas, Lucan.: si quid ad uxores mandarent, Flor. – β) m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj. od. m. bl. Coniunctiv, tibi mandavit, ut etc., Cic.: Trebonio mandaverat, ne etc., Caes.: huic mandat, Remos adeat, Caes.: mandavit, ancillam emerem sibi, Plaut. – γ) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Suet. Tib. 65, 2 u.[792] Cal. 29, 2. Iustin. 24, 2, 4. Eutr. 5, 5. – δ) m. folg. Infin., Vitr. 6. praef. § 1. Tac. ann. 15, 2. Sil. 13, 481. Mart. 1. 88, 10. – ε) mit folg. Acc. u. Gerund.: cum principes (Alcibiadem) velut aemulum gloriae suae interficiendum insidiis mandassent, Iustin. 5, 2, 5: gladiatores vi rapiendos reservandosque mandabat, Suet. Caes. 26, 3. – ζ) ad alqm mit folg. dir. Rede, Suet. Cal. 25, 1. – η) absol., Claudio mandante ac volente (Ggstz. Claudio invito), Vopisc. Aurel. 16, 2.
Etymology 2
Uncertain, but probably from Proto-Italic *mandnō, from Proto-Indo-European *menth₂-, from a root *meth₂-. For the phonetic development, LIV and de Vaan suggest that a nasal-infixed verb *m̥t-né-h₂-ti ~ *m̥t-n̥-h₂-énti underwent voicing assimilation of *mat-n- > *mad-n- followed by metathesis of *madn- > *mand- on the way to Latin,[1][2]parallel to the development of pandō from *peth₂-. The semantic development is disputed:
- De Vaan 2008 suggests Proto-Indo-European *menth₂- (“to stir, whirl”) > "chew", as in Tocharian B mintanaṃ (“to mix (clay with water)”), Sanskrit मन्थति (mánthati, “to whirl, rub, shake”), Ossetian yzmæntyn, æzmæntun (“to shake, stir around”), Lithuanian mę̃sti (“to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѧсти (męsti, “to stir, trouble”).
- WH, IEW, LIV, Meiser refer it to Proto-Indo-European *menth₂- (“tear away”), as in Vedic Sanskrit मथीत् (máthīt), Sanskrit मथ्नाति (mathnā́ti, “to rob, snatch away; kill; seize by force; to stir; to injure”), Tocharian A mäntācär (“you are injured”, 2pl.).
Other possible cognates include:
- Latin māsū̆cius (“voracious”); possibly also Latin māla, depending on its etymology.
- Ancient Greek μασάομαι (masáomai, “to chew”), μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “to gnash the teeth”) (whence Latin masticō), Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “mouth, jaws”). On the basis of Latin and Greek, Proto-Indo-European *mendʰ- (“to chew”) was once proposed; however, the Greek cognates suffer etymological issues which may indicate Pre-Greek substrate origin.[3][4]
- words for “mouth” or “jaw”: Proto-Germanic *munþaz, Latin mentum (“chin”)
Verb
mandō (present infinitive mandere, perfect active mandī, supine mānsum); third conjugation
Conjugation
| [ more ▼] Conjugation of mandō (third conjugation) |
|---|
Derived terms
[793] 2. mando, mandī, mānsum, ere (griech. μασάομαι), kauen, I) im allg.: animalia alia sugunt, alia carpunt, alia vorant, alia mandunt, Cic.: asini lentissime mandunt, Plin. – tristia vulnera saevo dente, die jämmerlich zerschnittenen Fleischstücke essen, Ov.: cadit et cruentam mandit humum, muß ins Gras beißen, Verg. (= ὀδὰξ ελειν γαίαν, Hom.): cibos mansos demittere, Quint.: omnia minima mansa (ganz klein gekaut) ut nutrices infantibus pueris in os inserere, Cic. – II) prägn., kauend essen, verzehren, lora (vor Hunger), Liv.: u. so lora et pelles, Val. Max.: apros, Plin.: übtr., corpora mandier (parag. Infin.) igni, Matius bei Varro LL. 7, 95. – Depon. Nbf. mandor, Plin. 30, 13. Prisc. 8, 29.