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asper

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Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”), also present in Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”) and Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”).[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

asper (feminine aspera, neuter asperum, comparative asperior, superlative asperrimus, adverb asperē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

  1. rough, uneven, coarse
  2. unrefined, rude
  3. sharp, newly minted
  4. harsh, bitter, fierce [ synonyms ▲]
    Synonyms: ācer, acerbus, frāctus
    odia aspera ― bitter hatred

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative asper aspera asperum asperī asperae aspera
Genitive asperī asperae asperī asperōrum asperārum asperōrum
Dative asperō asperō asperīs
Accusative asperum asperam asperum asperōs asperās aspera
Ablative asperō asperā asperō asperīs
Vocative asper aspera asperum asperī asperae aspera
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