Temperatur

¦∑¦ tempera + tur;

¦∅¦ Wärmegrad eines Stoffes; gemessene Wärme von etwas, besonders der Luft; Einteilung der Oktave in zwölf gleiche Halbtöne

¦⊕¦ Anregungszustand;

¦⊗¦ ¦↵¦ ‘Wärmezustand; lat. temperātūra ‘die gehörige Vermischung, Zubereitung, Beschaffenheit’ (zu lat. temperāre, s. ↗Temperament) entlehnte Ausdruck bezeichnet zunächst (Mitte 15. Jh.) die ‘(gehörige) Mischung’ von Substanzen, später auch (18. Jh.) die ‘Ausgewogenheit im menschlichen Temperament’. Schon früh (Mitte 16. Jh.) steht Temperatur für das als Kälte bzw. Wärme empfundene Mischungsverhältnis von Luft und Wasser, ‘Wärmezustand’, entsprechend in der Medizin ‘krankhaft überhöhter Wärmezustand des Körpers’, vgl. Temperatur (‘Fieber’) haben.

¦√¦ uig. *temp- “dehnen, strengen”;

¦↵¦ verwandt mit templum “Schrein” and tempora; ursprünglich bedeutete das Wort wohl "was gestreckt wird, gestreckt" → "strecken (der Zeit)" → "Zeit, Anlass";

oder von *temh_₂- “trennen”.

uig. *tempos (“dehnen”; uital. *tempezāō, verwandt mit tempus (“Zeit”); lat. temperātūra, von  temperō (“angemessen teilen, in angemessenen Anteilen mischen”) +‎ -tūra '-ung'; temperō zu ital. tempera 'richtig mischen, Mischung, Farbmischung'; ital. temperare.

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Temperatur f. ‘Wärmezustand’. Der aus lat. temperātūra ‘die gehörige Vermischung, Zubereitung, Beschaffenheit’ (zu lat. temperāre, s. ↗Temperament) entlehnte Ausdruck bezeichnet zunächst (Mitte 15. Jh.) die ‘(gehörige) Mischung’ von Substanzen, später auch (18. Jh.) die ‘Ausgewogenheit im menschlichen Temperament’. Schon früh (Mitte 16. Jh.) steht Temperatur für das als Kälte bzw. Wärme empfundene Mischungsverhältnis von Luft und Wasser, ‘Wärmezustand’, entsprechend in der Medizin ‘krankhaft überhöhter Wärmezustand des Körpers’, vgl. Temperatur (‘Fieber’) haben.

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engl. temper - From Middle English temperen, tempren, from Old English ġetemprian, temprian, borrowed from Latin temperō (“I divide or proportion duly, I moderate, I regulate; intransitive senses I am moderate, I am temperate”), from tempus (“time, fit season”). Compare also French tempérer. Doublet of tamper. See temporal.

τέμνω • (témnō) - For *τάμνω (*támnō), with ε from aorist ἔτεμον (étemon), from Proto-Indo-European *tm̥-n-h₁-, nasal-infixed present (the present tense system includes a N progressive aspect marker) from *temh₁- (“to cut”). Cognate with Latin temnō, tondeō, tempus, templum. tempo.

τέμνω • (témnō)

1. I cut, hew
2. I maim, wound
3. I butcher, sacrifice
4. I cut down, reap
5. I cut through, advance, drive through, plow through

Deverbal of temperare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛm.pe.ra/

Noun

tempera f (plural tempere)

1. (painting) tempera, distemper (a water-based paint)

   Coordinate terms: acquerello, guazzo

   Hyponym: guazzo

   dipingere a tempera ― to paint in tempera

2. (by extension, countable) tempera painting
3. Alternative form of tempra (tempering, hardening)

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtem.pus/, [ˈt̪ɛm.pʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtem.pus/, [ˈt̪ɛm.pus]
• Etymology 1
• From Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the root *temp- (“to stretch, string”), whence also templum (“shrine”) and tempora. Originally the word meant "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".
• Or from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”). Thus a section (of time). See also Latin temnō, tondeō, templum, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō). Compare the etymology of English time.
• Note that (as seen from the adverb temperī) the noun would originally have declined like genus.
• Nountempus n (genitivetemporis); third declension
• time, period, age [ quotations ▼]

  ad/in tempus ― temporarily; for a time

  tempus diurnum ― daytime

• season (quarter of the year) [ quotations ▼]
• kairos, right time, due season, due time, proper time, appointed time, opportune time, opportunity

  in tempore ― at the appropriate time; in due season

  ad tempus venīre ― to come at the right time

  ante tempus ― too soon (lit., before the right time)

• circumstances (collectively)

  pro tempore ― according to the circumstances

• (grammar) tense
• DeclensionThird-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
  

Audio (Classical)	MENU 0:00
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tempus	tempora
Genitive	temporis	temporum
Dative	temporī	temporibus
Accusative	tempus	tempora
Ablative	tempore	temporibus
Vocative	tempus	tempora

Derived terms

• extemplō
• ex tempore
• pro tempore
• temperī
• temperō
• tempestās
• temporālis
• temporāneus
• temporārius
• temporī
• tempus fugit

Descendants

• Anglo-Norman: tens
• Asturian: tiempu
• Basque: denbora
• Dalmatian: tiamp
• English: tense
• Friulian: timp
• Galician: tempo
• Istriot: tenpo
• Italian: tempo
• Neapolitan: tiempo
• Ladin: tëmp
• Papiamentu: tempo
• Old French: temps, tans, tens
  • Bourguignon: tamps
  • Middle French: temps
    • French: temps
  • Norman: temps
  • Walloon: tins
• Old Occitan: tems
  • Catalan: temps
  • Occitan: tèms, tems, temps
• Piedmontese: temp
• Portuguese: tempo
• Romanian: timp
• Romansch: temp
• Russian: темп (temp)
• Sardinian: tempus
• Sicilian: tempu
• Spanish: tiempo
• Swedish: tempus
• Venetian: tenpo, tènp
• Welsh: tymor

Etymology 2

From tempus above. See Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).

Less frequent in singular form, the notion comes after the Ancient Greek τὰ καίρια (tà kaíria, “the right place, vital place, fatal spot, opportunity”).

Noun

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

1. (anatomy) temple (of the head)
2. (figuratively) face, visage, head

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tempus	tempora
Genitive	temporis	temporum
Dative	temporī	temporibus
Accusative	tempus	tempora
Ablative	tempore	temporibus
Vocative	tempus	tempora

Descendants

• Asturian: tenllera
• English: temple
• Esperanto: tempio
• French: tempe
• Galician: tempas

• Italian: tempia
• Portuguese: têmpora
• Romanian: tâmplă
• Sardinian: tempus
• Spanish: tiempo

Etymology 3

From tempus (“time”) above.

Noun

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

1. (Medieval Latin, rare) weather

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tempus	tempora
Genitive	temporis	temporum
Dative	temporī	temporibus
Accusative	tempus	tempora
Ablative	tempore	temporibus
Vocative	tempus	tempora

Descendants

• Catalan: temps
• French: temps
• Galician: tempo
• Italian: tempo
• Neapolitan: tiempo

• Papiamentu: tempo
• Portuguese: tempo
• Romanian: timp
• Spanish: tiempo

References

• tempus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• tempus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• tempus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• tempus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.[ 64 phrases]
  • to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
  • time passes: tempus praeterit, transit
  • to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
  • to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re
  • to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re
  • to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
  • to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei
  • to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
  • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
  • to spend time: tempus ducere
  • to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
  • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
  • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
  • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
  • occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
  • circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum)
  • it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
  • the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
  • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
  • in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
  • in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
  • the imperial epoch: tempora Caesariana
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
  • in process of time: tempore progrediente
  • at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
  • at this moment: hoc tempore
  • in an instant: puncto temporis
  • at the important moment: momento temporis
  • just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
  • on the spur of the moment: temporis causa
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
  • for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
  • for a short time: brevis or exigui temporis
  • after some time: spatio temporis intermisso
  • at present; for the moment: in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)
  • the spirit of the times, the fashion: saeculi consuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)
  • the succession of the four seasons: commutationes temporum quadripartitae
  • in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
  • the charms of spring: suavitas verni temporis
  • morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum
  • the morning hours: tempora matutina
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
  • the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
  • under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate
  • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
  • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
  • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
  • to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re
  • to devote all one's leisure moments to study: omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere
  • the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
  • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
  • to consult history: memoriam annalium or temporum replicare
  • the mythical period, the heroic age: tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54)
  • to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
  • chronology: temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo
  • to observe the chronological order of events: temporum ordinem servare
  • to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
  • to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare
  • to make a chronological mistake: temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23)
  • to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
  • to be exact in calculating dates: diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus
  • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
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