-iō
Etymology 1
Suffix -ō on i-stems.
Suffix
-iō f (genitive -iōnis); third declension
- Used to form abstract nouns from verbs.
Usage notes
The suffix -iō is added to a verb to create a third-declension feminine abstract noun.
Declension
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -iō | -iōnēs |
| Genitive | -iōnis | -iōnum |
| Dative | -iōnī | -iōnibus |
| Accusative | -iōnem | -iōnēs |
| Ablative | -iōne | -iōnibus |
| Vocative | -iō | -iōnēs |
Synonyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Etymology 2
Extension of -ō (possibly by rebracketing).
Suffix
-iō m (genitive -iōnis); third declension
- Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms various nouns designating persons that are characterized by or related to the base word, such as nicknames or names of professions.
- Suffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms certain nouns designating things; often described as a kind of diminutive.
Usage notes
Personal appellations ending in -iō appear to have often had a derogatory or pejorative shade of meaning, which in some cases resulted in a sense near that of a diminutive, as in the case of homunciō.[1]
Declension
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -iō | -iōnēs |
| Genitive | -iōnis | -iōnum |
| Dative | -iōnī | -iōnibus |
| Accusative | -iōnem | -iōnēs |
| Ablative | -iōne | -iōnibus |
| Vocative | -iō | -iōnēs |
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 3
From -i-ō. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-yeti.
Suffix
-iō (present infinitive -iāre, perfect active -iāvī, supine -iātum); first conjugation
- Used to form factitive verbs from adjectives.
Conjugation
| [ more ▼] Conjugation of -iō (first conjugation) |
|---|
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-iō (present infinitive -ere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation iō-variant
- Used to form some third conjugation verbs.
Conjugation
| [ more ▼] Conjugation of -iō (third conjugation iō-variant) |
|---|
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
Etymology 5
From i stem+*-yéti (denominative suffix) or later non-inherited fabrications.
Suffix
-iō (present infinitive -īre, perfect active -īvī, supine -ītum); fourth conjugation
- Used to form fourth conjugation verbs.
Conjugation
| [ more ▼] Conjugation of -iō (fourth conjugation) |
|---|
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").