-ula
-ula
Latein
Etymologie 1
Vermutlich aus dem Proto-Indogermanischen *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten.
The words rēgula and tēgula are notable in showing a lengthened vowel relative to the base verbs regō and tegō. Sihler (1979) reconstructs *-dʰl- in rēgula and tēgula; in contrast, Nielsen (1998) reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of Lachmann's Lawbefore a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles rēctus and tēctus).[1] As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*rēcula and *tēcula), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /g/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > strāgulum and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > trāgula. (Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in neglego, and is argued by Sen 2015 to have occurred in pūblicus; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in -culum such as pōculum).
Alternativ verwandt mit dem Suffix -ulus, das zur Bildung einiger deverbaler Agentensubstantive wie gerulus, gerula verwendet wird.
Vergleichen Sie Instrumentensubstantive in -ulum.
Aussprache
(Klassische) IPA(Taste): /u.la/, [ʊɫ̪ä]
(modernes italienisch-kirchliches) IPA (Schlüssel): /u.la/, [ulä] (betont auf dem Vorsatz)
Suffix
-ula f (Genitiv -ulae); erste Deklination
Substantivsuffix, das Instrument bezeichnet.
regō + -ula → rēgula
tegō + -ula → tēgula
Deklination
Substantiv der ersten Deklination.
Latin
Etymology 1
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.
Alternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula.
Compare instrument nouns in -ulum.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /u.la/, [ʊɫ̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /u.la/, [ulä] (stressed on the antepenult)
Suffix
-ula f (genitive -ulae); first declension
- Noun suffix denoting instrument.
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ula | -ulae |
| Genitive | -ulae | -ulārum |
| Dative | -ulae | -ulīs |
| Accusative | -ulam | -ulās |
| Ablative | -ulā | -ulīs |
| Vocative | -ula | -ulae |