bonus

From Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, further etymology uncertain. Possibly cognate with beō (“to bless, gladden”). Possible roots include:

• Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to join, fit together”); compare Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “to do, make”) and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be able”).
• Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-u, from *deh₃- (“to give”).
• Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”)
• Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”), source of Ancient Greek δέος (déos), δεινός (deinós), δειλός (deilós).

Compare the change from duellum to bellum (“war”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔːnus]

Adjective

bonus (feminine bona, neuter bonum, comparative melior, superlative optimus or optumus, adverb bene); first/second-declension adjective

1. good, honest, brave, noble, kind, pleasant [ antonym ▲]

   Antonym: malus

2. right
3. useful
4. valid
5. healthy
6. quality

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	bonus	bona	bonum		bonī	bonae	bona
Genitive	bonī	bonae	bonī		bonōrum	bonārum	bonōrum
Dative	bonō		bonō		bonīs
Accusative	bonum	bonam	bonum		bonōs	bonās	bona
Ablative	bonō	bonā	bonō		bonīs
Vocative	bone	bona	bonum		bonī	bonae	bona

Derived terms

• bonitās
• cui bonō

Related terms

• bellus
• bene (“well”)
• beō