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pólis

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From Proto-Hellenic *ptólis, from Proto-Indo-European *tpólHis, from *tpelH- (“fortification, city”). The early form πτόλις (ptólis) shows metathesis tp > pt because Ancient Greek stop clusters always end in a coronal. Cognate with Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, city, dwelling”) and Lithuanian pilis (“stronghold”). Irregular accent on genitive πόλεως (póleōs) is due to a quantitative metathesis from older πόληος (pólēos); genitive plural imitates genitive singular.

Pronunciation

[ more ▼] 
  • IPA(key): /pó.lis/ → /ˈpo.lis/ → /ˈpo.lis/

Noun

πόλις • (pólis) f (genitive πόλεως); third declension

  1. city [ quotations ▼]
    1. the Athenian citadel [ quotations ▼]
    2. one's city or country [ quotations ▼]
    3. (ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως (ho epì tês póleōs)) city governor, praetor urbanus [ quotations ▼]
  2. a whole country, as dependent on and called after its city: city state [ quotations ▼]
  3. community [ quotations ▼]
    1. the state [ quotations ▼]
    2. the right of citizenship [ quotations ▼]
  4. (πόλιν παίζειν (pólin paízein)) a type of board game [ quotations ▼]
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