īnfestus
īnfestus uit.-lat. "handfeste"; "unfreund"; vgl. īnfēnsus
Uncertain. Possibilities include:
- Cognate with manifestus (“caught in the act”) by assuming a precedent sense “caught by hand”, and derived from a tentative -festus (“grabbing, attacking”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European*dʰers- (“to be bold”).
- Cognate with festīnō (“to hasten, accelerate”), cōnfestim (“immediately”) by assuming a precedent sense “rushing in”, from Proto-Italic *festis (“hurry”), which Schrijver derives from a root *bʰris-. This makes a connection with manifestus difficult.
- From in- (“un-”) + Proto-Italic *festus (“asked for”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-to-s, from *gʷʰedʰ- (“to request, ask for, pray”). Phonologically this assumes the ending -tus being analogically restored after *TT had shifted to *ss in Italic, as might be the case with fūstis.
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /inˈfes.tus/, [ĩːˈfɛs̠t̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈfes.tus/, [iɱˈfɛst̪us]
- It is not entirely certain whether the vowel in the second syllable was short or long. Spanish enhiesto (assumed to be a descendant, with a change in sense) shows development of -ie- from -ĕ-(though this does not exclude the possibility of an original -ē- that underwent later shortening or analogical replacement, as in Spanish fiesta from Latin fēstum). Bennett 1907 cites "infésti" from C.I.L. v. 2627[1] as inscriptional evidence for a long vowel, and compares the length to that of e in manifē̆stus[2] (but the latter is also uncertain).
īnfestus (feminine īnfesta, neuter īnfestum, comparative īnfestior, superlative īnfestissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- hostile (to a person, cause etc.), antagonistic [ synonyms, antonyms ▲]
- (entertaining or foreboding violent actions) aggressive, warlike; raised, threatening, poised to strike
- (of things) [+dative] harmful, troublesome [ quotations ▼]
- (of places) dangerous, unsafe; [+ablative] infested with; adverse
- exposed to danger, threatened, insecure [ synonyms, antonyms ▲]
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | īnfestus | īnfesta | īnfestum | īnfestī | īnfestae | īnfesta | |
| Genitive | īnfestī | īnfestae | īnfestī | īnfestōrum | īnfestārum | īnfestōrum | |
| Dative | īnfestō | īnfestō | īnfestīs | ||||
| Accusative | īnfestum | īnfestam | īnfestum | īnfestōs | īnfestās | īnfesta | |
| Ablative | īnfestō | īnfestā | īnfestō | īnfestīs | |||
| Vocative | īnfeste | īnfesta | īnfestum | īnfestī | īnfestae | īnfesta | |