„-ula“ – Versionsunterschied

[ungesichtete Version]

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 07:31 Uhr

Latein

Etymologie 1

Vermutlich aus uig. *-tlom, Nwf. *-dʰlom, suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten.

Die Wörter rēgula und tēgula zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie im Vergleich zu den Basisverben regō und tegō einen verlängerten Endvokal -ō aufweisen.

Sihler (1979) rekonstruiert *-dʰl- in rēgula und tēgula; im Gegensatz dazu rekonstruiert Nielsen (1998) *-tl- und legt nahe, dass die verlängerten Vokale Ergebnis gemäß Lachmannschen Gesetz vor einer Folge von ursprünglich stimmhaften + stimmlosen Stopps sind (wie in den Partizipien rēctus und tēctus).[1]

Sihler (1979) reconstructs *-dʰl- in rēgula and tēgula; in contrast, Nielsen (1998) reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of Lachmann's Lawbefore a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles rēctus and tēctus).^[1]

As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*rēcula and *tēcula), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /g/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > strāgulum and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > trāgula. (Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in neglego, and is argued by Sen 2015 to have occurred in pūblicus; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in -culum such as pōculum).

Alternativ verwandt mit dem Suffix -ulus, das zur Bildung einiger deverbaler Agentensubstantive wie gerulus, gerula verwendet wird.

Alternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula.

Vergleichen Sie Instrumentensubstantive in -ulum.

Compare instrument nouns in -ulum.

Aussprache

(Klassische) IPA(Taste): /u.la/, [ʊɫ̪ä]

(modernes italienisch-kirchliches) IPA (Schlüssel): /u.la/, [ulä] (betont auf dem Vorsatz)

Suffix

-ula f (Genitiv -ulae); erste Deklination

Substantivsuffix, das Instrument bezeichnet.

‎regō + ‎-ula → ‎rēgula

‎tegō + ‎-ula → ‎tēgula

Deklination

Substantiv der ersten Deklination.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-ula	-ulae
Genitive	-ulae	-ulārum
Dative	-ulae	-ulīs
Accusative	-ulam	-ulās
Ablative	-ulā	-ulīs
Vocative	-ula	-ulae

[1]

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
--ula
+-ula "[[tun]], [[-tum]]"
-Latein
+== Latein ==
-Etymologie 1
+=== Etymologie 1 ===
+Vermutlich aus [[uig.]] *[[-tlom]], [[Nwf.]] *[[-dʰlom]], suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten.
-Vermutlich aus dem Proto-Indogermanischen *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffixbildende Instrumentalsubstantive, mit Vereinfachung des Suffix-Anfangsstopps, wenn er nach einem anderen Stopp kam. Die Einzelheiten der Entwicklung sind jedoch umstritten.
+Die Wörter [[rēgula]] und [[tēgula]] zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie im Vergleich zu den Basisverben [[regō]] und [[tegō]] einen verlängerten Endvokal [[-ō]] aufweisen.
+Sihler (1979) rekonstruiert *-dʰl- in rēgula und tēgula; im Gegensatz dazu rekonstruiert Nielsen (1998) *-tl- und legt nahe, dass die verlängerten Vokale Ergebnis gemäß [[Lachmannsche Gesetz|Lachmannschen Gesetz]] vor einer Folge von ursprünglich stimmhaften + stimmlosen Stopps sind (wie in den Partizipien rēctus und tēctus).[1]
+Sihler (1979) reconstructs *-dʰl- in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:regula#Latin|rēgula]]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:tegula#Latin|tēgula]]</em>; in contrast, Nielsen (1998) reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of [[wikipedia:Lachmann's_law|Lachmann's Law]]<nowiki/>before a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:rectus#Latin|rēctus]]</em> and <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:tectus#Latin|tēctus]]</em>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[[wikt:-ula#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
+As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">rēcula</em> and *<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">tēcula</em>), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /g/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la &gt; *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- &gt; *strāk-lo- &gt; *strāg-lo- &gt; <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:stragulum#Latin|strāgulum]]</em> and *trājak-kla &gt; *trāk-la &gt; *trāg-la &gt; <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:tragula#Latin|trāgula]]</em>. (Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:neglego#Latin|neglego]]</em>, and is argued by Sen 2015 to have occurred in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:publicus#Latin|pūblicus]]</em>; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:-culum#Latin|-culum]]</em> such as <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:poculum#Latin|pōculum]]</em>).
 Alternativ verwandt mit dem Suffix -ulus, das zur Bildung einiger deverbaler Agentensubstantive wie gerulus, gerula verwendet wird.
+Alternatively, related to the suffix <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:-ulus#Latin|-ulus]]</em> used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:gerulus#Latin|gerulus]]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:gerula#Latin|gerula]]</em>.
 Vergleichen Sie Instrumentensubstantive in -ulum.
-Aussprache
+Compare instrument nouns in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[[wikt:-ulum#Latin|-ulum]]</em>.
+=== Aussprache ===
 (Klassische) IPA(Taste): /u.la/, [ʊɫ̪ä]
@@ Zeile 23: / Zeile 33: @@
 Substantivsuffix, das Instrument bezeichnet.
-‎regō + ‎-ula → ‎rēgula
+‎[[regō]] + ‎-ula → ‎[[rēgula]]
-‎tegō + ‎-ula → ‎tēgula
-Deklination
+‎[[tegō]] + ‎-ula → ‎[[tēgula]]
+=== Deklination ===
 Substantiv der ersten Deklination.
-== <span id="Latin">Latin</span> ==
-=== <span id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</span> ===
-<p>Probably from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom *-tlom, *-dʰlom]</em>, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.</p><div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead"><span class="NavToggle">[ show ▼]</span>More information</div></div><p>Alternatively, related to the suffix <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulus#Latin -ulus]</em> used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gerulus#Latin gerulus]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gerula#Latin gerula]</em>.</p><p>Compare instrument nouns in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulum#Latin -ulum]</em>.</p>
-==== <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> ====
-*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u.la/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ʊɫ̪ä]</span>
-*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/u.la/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ulä]</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">stressed on the antepenult</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
-==== <span id="Suffix_3">Suffix</span> ====
-<p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">-ula</strong>&nbsp;<span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension first declension]''</p>
-#<span class="use-with-mention"><span class="Latn" lang="en">Noun suffix denoting [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instrument#English instrument]</span></span>.
-#:‎<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rego#Latin regō]</em> + ‎<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ula</em> → ‎<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regula#Latin rēgula]</em>
-#:‎<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tego#Latin tegō]</em> + ‎<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ula</em> → ‎<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tegula#Latin tēgula]</em>
-===== <span id="Declension">Declension</span> =====
-<p>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension First-declension] noun.</p>
 {| class="wikitable inflection-table inflection-table-la"
 |-
 ! class="corner-header" | Case
 ! class="number-header" | Singular
 ! class="number-header" | Plural
 |-
 ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominative_case Nominative]
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ula</strong></span>
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la nom|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span>
 |-
 ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genitive_case Genitive]
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span>
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la gen|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ularum#Latin -ulārum]</span>
 |-
 ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dative_case Dative]
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span>
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la dat|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulis#Latin -ulīs]</span>
 |-
 ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accusative_case Accusative]
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulam#Latin -ulam]</span>
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la acc|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulas#Latin -ulās]</span>
 |-
 ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablative_case Ablative]
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ulā</strong></span>
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la abl|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulis#Latin -ulīs]</span>
 |-
 ! class="case-header" | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocative_case Vocative]
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|s-form-of origin--ula" lang="la"><strong class="selflink">-ula</strong></span>
 | class="form-cell" | <span class="Latn form-of lang-la voc|p-form-of origin--ula" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ulae#Latin -ulae]</span>
 |}

Nikolaos (Diskussion | Beiträge)

Aktuelle Version vom 8. Juni 2025, 07:31 Uhr

Latein

Etymologie 1

Aussprache

Deklination