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| scientia {{lat.}}
| | [[scient]][[-ia]] [[Sprachstufe::lat.]] {{Wrtdtng}} durch [[unterscheiden]] u. [[zerlegen]] [[wissend]], [[Wissen]], daß durch [[Unterscheidung]] und Zerlegung erlangt wurde. z. uig. *[[skey-]] 'unterscheide, zerlege' |
| == <span id="Latin">Latin</span> ==
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| === <span id="Etymology">Etymology</span> ===
| |
| <p>From <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciens#Latin sciēns, scientem]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">knowing, aware; having expertise</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> + <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ia#Latin -ia]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">abstract noun suffix</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Attested from Varro onwards (early 1st century <small>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#BCE BCE]</small>).</p>
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| === <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> ===
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| | Von lat. [[sciēns]], scientem 'wissend, bewusst; Fachwissen haben' + [[-ia]] (abstraktes Substantivsuffix). Bezeugt ab [[Varro]] (frühes 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr.). |
| | === Substantiv === |
| | scientia f (Genitiv scientiae); erste Deklination |
| | |
| | # (abstrakt): |
| | ## Wissen, Bewusstsein, Erkenntnis (der Zustand des Wissens über eine Tatsache oder Situation) |
| | ### Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym">[[cognitiō]], <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:sapientia#Latin|sapientia]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:notitia#Latin|nōtitia]]</span></span> |
| | ### Antonym: <span class="nyms antonym">[[ignōrantia]]</span> |
| | ## Lernen, Gelehrtheit, Gelehrsamkeit (der Zustand, über umfassendes Wissen zu verfügen) |
| | ### Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym"><span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:eruditio#Latin|ēruditiō]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:sapientia#Latin|sapientia]]</span></span> |
| | ## Expertenverständnis einer Fertigkeit, Kunst, Wissenschaft usw. (auch im Gegensatz zur Praxis) |
| | ### Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym">[[intellēctus]]</span>, [[ars]] |
| | ### Antonyme: ūsus, experientia, exercitātiō |
| | # (konkret): |
| | ## (Philosophie) das, was bekannt ist (im Gegensatz zu einem bloßen Glauben, Übersetzung des Altgriechischen ἐπιστήμη (''[[epistḗmē]]'')) |
| | ### Antonyme: opīniō, verdächtig, coniectūra |
| | ### (mittelalterliches Latein, Logik) Wissen (unterscheidet nach der Richtung: von der Ursache zur Wirkung oder umgekehrt, entspr. altgriechisch διότι (''[[dióti]]'') vs. ὅτι (''[[hóti]]'')) |
| | #### scientia propter quid – ein Wissen, das sich aus Ursache und Wirkung ergibt |
| | #### scientia quia – ein Wissen, das von der Wirkung zur Ursache abgeleitet wird |
| | ## das Wissen, die Überlieferung, die Scholastik einer bestimmten Disziplin |
| | ### Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym"><span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:doctrina#Latin|doctrīna]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:ars#Latin|ars]]</span></span> |
| | #### scientia speculātīva (mittelalterliches Latein) – theoretisches Wissen |
| | ## das Know-how, die Fähigkeit, das Fachwissen (angewandtes Wissen) |
| | ### Synonyme: <span class="nyms synonym"><span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:peritia#Latin|perītia]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:ars#Latin|ars]]</span></span> |
| | #### scientia practica (mittelalterliches Latein) – praktisches Wissen |
| | ## (mittelalterliches Latein) eine Wissenschaft (ein organisierter Zweig methodisch erworbenen Wissens mit einem einheitlichen Gegenstand) |
| | ### Synonym: <span class="nyms synonym"><span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:disciplina#Latin|disciplīna]]</span></span> |
| | ### (alles „Naturwissenschaft“) |
| | |
| | <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> |
| *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/skiˈen.ti.a/</span>, <span class="IPA">[s̠kiˈɛn̪t̪iä]</span> | | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/skiˈen.ti.a/</span>, <span class="IPA">[s̠kiˈɛn̪t̪iä]</span> |
| *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ʃiˈen.t͡si.a/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ʃiˈɛnt̪͡s̪iä]</span> | | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ʃiˈen.t͡si.a/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ʃiˈɛnt̪͡s̪iä]</span> |
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| | class="audiofile" | <span class="mw-tmh-player audio mw-file-element"><span class="mw-tmh-duration mw-tmh-label"><span class="sr-only">Duration: 1 second.</span><span aria-hidden="true">0:01</span></span></span>
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| | class="audiofile" | <span class="mw-tmh-player audio mw-file-element"><span class="mw-tmh-duration mw-tmh-label"><span class="sr-only">Duration: 2 seconds.</span><span aria-hidden="true">0:02</span></span></span>
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| === <span id="Noun_2">Noun</span> ===
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| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">scientia</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scientiae#Latin scientiae]</strong>)</span>; ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_first_declension first declension]''</p>
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| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">abstract</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span>:
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| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knowledge knowledge], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/awareness awareness], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cognizance cognizance] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">the state of knowing a fact or situation</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms, antonym ▲]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cognitio#Latin cognitiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sapientia#Latin sapientia]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notitia#Latin nōtitia]</span></span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms antonym"><span class="defdate">Antonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ignorantia#Latin ignōrantia]</span></span>
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| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/learning learning], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/learnedness learnedness], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erudition erudition] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">the state of having an extensive knowledge</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eruditio#Latin ēruditiō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sapientia#Latin sapientia]</span></span>
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| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expert expert] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/understanding understanding] of a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skill skill], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/art art], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/science science] etc. <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">also as opposed to practice</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms, antonyms ▲]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intellectus#Latin intellēctus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ars#Latin ars]</span></span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms antonym"><span class="defdate">Antonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/usus#Latin ūsus]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/experientia#Latin experientia]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exercitatio#Latin exercitātiō]</span></span>
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| #<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">concrete</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span>:
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| ##<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/philosophy philosophy]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> that which is known <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">as opposed to a mere belief, translating Ancient Greek <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7#Ancient_Greek ἐπιστήμη]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">epistḗmē</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="nyms-toggle">[ antonyms ▲]</span><span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms antonym"><span class="defdate">Antonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opinio#Latin opīniō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suspicio#Latin suspiciō]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coniectura#Latin coniectūra]</span></span>
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|
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| ###<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin Medieval Latin]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/logic logic]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knowledge knowledge] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">as distinguished according to the direction: from cause to effect or vice versa, corr. to Ancient Greek <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek διότι]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">dióti</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> vs. <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%85%CF%84%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek ὅτι]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">hóti</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span>
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| ###:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''scientia''' propter quid</em> ― <span class="e-translation">a '''knowledge''' derived from cause to effect</span></span>
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| ###:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''scientia''' quia</em> ― <span class="e-translation">a '''knowledge''' derived from effect to cause</span></span>
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| ##the knowledge, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lore lore], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scholarship scholarship] of a particular [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discipline discipline] <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doctrina#Latin doctrīna]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ars#Latin ars]</span></span>
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| ##:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''scientia''' speculātīva</em> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">Medieval Latin</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> ― <span class="e-translation">theoretical '''knowledge'''</span></span>
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| ##the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/know-how know-how], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skill skill], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expertise expertise] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">applied knowledge</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonyms ▲]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peritia#Latin perītia]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ars#Latin ars]</span></span>
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| ##:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''scientia''' practica</em> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">Medieval Latin</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> ― <span class="e-translation">practical '''knowledge'''</span></span>
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| ##<span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin Medieval Latin]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> a [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/science science] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">an organized branch of methodically-acquired knowledge with a unified subject-matter</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <span class="nyms-toggle">[ synonym ▲]</span><span class="nyms-toggle">[ hyponyms ▼]</span>
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| ##:<span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disciplina#Latin disciplīna]</span></span>
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| ##:<span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">all "natural science"</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
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| ==== <span id="Declension">Declension</span> ==== | | ==== <span id="Declension">Declension</span> ==== |
