„elementum“ – Versionsunterschied
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elementum {{lat.-grie.}} '[[Element]], [[Elemente]]' | |||
Uncertain. Perhaps ultimately from ''L M N'', first three letters of the second half of the [[wikt:Canaanite|Canaanite]] alphabet, recited by ancient scribes when learning it (in sense compare English <em class="Latn mention" lang="en">[[wikt:ABC#English|ABC(s)]]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">fundamentals</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>). This idea has been criticized though due to the absence of any evidence for use of a half-split in the Latin alphabet itself and the lack of evidence for the use of "el", "em", and "en" as letter names in early Latin. An alternative related idea is that ''elementum'' was borrowed into Latin from a Semitic term (probably via Egyptian) ''halaḥama'', which derives from the old South Semitic initial character sequence, h-l-ḥ-m..., though this presents some difficulties as well.<p>Alternatively could be a neologism to translate the equivalent Greek term <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%E1%BF%96%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek στοιχεῖον]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">stoikheîon</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">element, letter</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> (introduced in the sense of "element" by Plato), which, like the Latin ''elementum'', has the dual meaning of "element" and "letter". This neologism would be modelled on and alluding to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alimentum#Latin alimentum]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">nourishment</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, modified to be a mnemonic for the sequence of letters "L M N"; this would make it related to <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alere#Latin alere]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to nourish</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/olescere#Latin olēscere]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">to grow</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, both from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82el- *h₂el-]</em>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elementum#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup></p><p>A further suggestion is that the word may have been derived from an unattested ''*elepantum'' for a letter made of ivory (i.e., a toy letter for the purpose of learning to read), an old loanword from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek Ancient Greek]</span> <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%82#Ancient_Greek ἐλέφας]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">eléphas</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">elephant</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> or its accusative <em class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἐλέφαντα</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-tr tr Latn" lang="grc-Latn">eléphanta</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elementum#cite_note-2 [2]]</sup> This could explain the otherwise irregular ''-e-'' in the second syllable.</p> | |||
=== <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> === | === <span id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span> === | ||
*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/e.leˈmen.tum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ɛɫ̪ɛˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]</span> | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/e.leˈmen.tum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[ɛɫ̪ɛˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]</span> | ||
*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/e.leˈmen.tum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[eleˈmɛn̪t̪um]</span> | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/e.leˈmen.tum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[eleˈmɛn̪t̪um]</span> | ||
Substantiv | |||
<span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">elementum</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> (''genitive'' <strong class="Latn" lang="la">[[wikt:elementi#Latin|elementī]]</strong>)</span>; ''[[wikt:Appendix:Latin_second_declension|second declension]]'' | |||
# (Chemie, Physik) eines der [[vier Elemente Lehre|vier Elemente]], aus denen die Welt besteht. | |||
# Grundprinzip, Rudiment | |||
# (im Plural) das Alphabet | |||
Nutzungshinweise | |||
Wird am häufigsten im Plural verwendet, um sich auf die einzelnen Komponenten zu beziehen. | |||
=== <span id="Noun">Noun</span> === | === <span id="Noun">Noun</span> === | ||
Version vom 18. Februar 2024, 16:35 Uhr
elementum lat.-grie. 'Element, Elemente'
Uncertain. Perhaps ultimately from L M N, first three letters of the second half of the Canaanite alphabet, recited by ancient scribes when learning it (in sense compare English ABC(s) (“fundamentals”)). This idea has been criticized though due to the absence of any evidence for use of a half-split in the Latin alphabet itself and the lack of evidence for the use of "el", "em", and "en" as letter names in early Latin. An alternative related idea is that elementum was borrowed into Latin from a Semitic term (probably via Egyptian) halaḥama, which derives from the old South Semitic initial character sequence, h-l-ḥ-m..., though this presents some difficulties as well.
Alternatively could be a neologism to translate the equivalent Greek term στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element, letter”) (introduced in the sense of "element" by Plato), which, like the Latin elementum, has the dual meaning of "element" and "letter". This neologism would be modelled on and alluding to alimentum (“nourishment”), modified to be a mnemonic for the sequence of letters "L M N"; this would make it related to alere (“to nourish”), olēscere (“to grow”), both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.[1]
A further suggestion is that the word may have been derived from an unattested *elepantum for a letter made of ivory (i.e., a toy letter for the purpose of learning to read), an old loanword from Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant”) or its accusative ἐλέφαντα (eléphanta).[2] This could explain the otherwise irregular -e- in the second syllable.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /e.leˈmen.tum/, [ɛɫ̪ɛˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /e.leˈmen.tum/, [eleˈmɛn̪t̪um]
Substantiv
elementum n (genitive elementī); second declension
- (Chemie, Physik) eines der vier Elemente, aus denen die Welt besteht.
- Grundprinzip, Rudiment
- (im Plural) das Alphabet
Nutzungshinweise
Wird am häufigsten im Plural verwendet, um sich auf die einzelnen Komponenten zu beziehen.
Noun
elementum n (genitive elementī); second declension
- (chemistry, physics) one of four elements that composed the world.
- basic principle, rudiment
- (in the plural) the alphabet
Usage notes
Most often used in the plural to refer collectively to the components.
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | elementum | elementa |
| Genitive | elementī | elementōrum |
| Dative | elementō | elementīs |
| Accusative | elementum | elementa |
| Ablative | elementō | elementīs |
| Vocative | elementum | elementa |