habeō
Von uital. *habēō oder *haβēō, letzteres könnte von uig. *gʰeh₁bʰ- „greifen, nehmen“ stammen. Vergleiche altirisch gaibid („nimmt, hält“) und polnisch gabać („ansprechen, verklagen“). Engl. „have“ dt. habe ist trotz Ähnlichkeit in Bedeutung und Form kein verwandtes Wort; es ist stattdessen durch uig. mit capiō „nehmen“ verwandt.
- Oscan und Umbrian haben verwandte Formen mit -b-,[1] die ein ursprüngliches -b- widerspiegeln müssen, da uital. -β- (und daher PIE -bʰ-) in diesen Sprachen zu -f- und nicht zu -b- wird. Andererseits ist b ein selten nachgewiesenes Phonem in PIE, dessen Status immer noch umstritten ist. Daher ist der genaue Ursprung dieses Wortes nicht klar.
- Zu den ältesten Zeugnissen zählen die Werke des Plautus (ca. 254 bis 184 v. Chr.) und der Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus (186 v. Chr.). Umbrischer Verwandter, bezeugt in den Iguvine-Tafeln (älteste Tafeln aus dem 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr.). Oskanisches verwandtes haf- [2], bezeugt in der Tabula Bantina (89 v. Chr.).
Pronunciation (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈha.be.oː/, [ˈhäbeoː], (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.be.o/, [ˈäːbeo]
habeō (present infinitive habēre, perfect active habuī, supine habitum); second conjugation
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city are we living?
- to own, have (possessions)
- to possess, have (qualities) [ synonyms ▲][ quotations ▼]
- to retain, maintain
- to conduct, preside over
- to regard, consider or account a person or thing as something [ quotations ▼]
- in numerō habēre ― to rank
- Diemque cladis quotannis maestum habuerit ac lugubrem ― And each year he considered the day of the disaster gloomy and mournful
- to accept, bear, endure
- (of feelings, problems) to affect, trouble (someone) [ quotations ▼]
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, auxiliary verb for perfect tense) to have [ quotations ▼]
- Nec in publico vestimenta lavare, nec berbices tondere habeant licitum ― They haven't allowed clothes to be washed in public, neither to shave sheep
- Illud sacramentum quod juratum habeo ― The oath that I have sworn
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, present with infinitive) to want; will, shall, should
- Feri eum adhuc, nam si non feriveris, ego te ferire habeo ― Hit him again, for if you don't, I shall hit you
- Currens affer illum ad me, ego enim eum habeo baptizare ― Bring him to me quickly, I will baptize him
- Ipse enim, quia ægrotat, habeo eum visitare ― He who is sick, I want to visit him
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, past imperfect with infinitive) would [ quotations ▼]
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to have to; to be compelled
- A patria Cathaloniæ se absentare habuerunt, et in fugam se constituerunt, ne justitia de ipsis fieret ― They had to leave from the land of Cathalonia, and decided to escape, so that justice would not be made of them
- (Medieval Latin, existential) there be
- Habet in Spinogilo mansum dominicatum cum casa et aliis casticiis sufficienter ― There is a lord's villa in Spinogilo with a house and other buildings
- In Late Latin, as the classical synthetic future tense began to decline in speech from phonetic changes, one of the various periphrases thereof was to use the present inflections of habeo with the infinitive; originally this construction was strictly modal:
- Late 2nd century CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, Book 20, 10,2:
- si quid igitur ex Vergilio, Plauto, Ennio quaerere habes, quaeras licet.
- Late 2nd century CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, Book 20, 10,2:
- If you have something then to ask of Vergil & Plautus & Ennius, you may ask it.
- Eventually it became the popular way to express the future tense in Romance:
- Early 5th century CE, Augustine, In Evangelium Ioannis Tractatus, I, 4,2:
- Tempestas illa tollere habet totam paleam de area
- Early 5th century CE, Augustine, In Evangelium Ioannis Tractatus, I, 4,2:
- The storm will lift up all the chaff from the ground