hic

Etymology 1

Aus dem älteren hec, aus uital. *hoke, aus uig. *gʰo „in der Tat“, emphatic clitic) + *ḱe („hier“, deiktische Partikel). Rekonstruierte Formen mit o werden wahrscheinlich durch die altlateinische Form hoi („dies“) gebildet.

The feminine and neuter inflected forms were created in analogy to quī, quae, quod. In the Italic languages only Faliscan has a clear cognate inflected pronoun: hac (acc./abl. sg. f.). A petrified form may be present in the Umbrian word for "the same": eru-hu (abl. sg. m.), era-hunt ~ era-font (abl. sg. f.)^[1]^[2]

In Indo-European the first element is cognate with Sanskrit घ (gha) ~ ह (ha, intensifier), हि (hi, “surely, for”), Czech že (“that”, conjunction), Russian же (že, intensifying particle). The second element is cognate with Latin cis (“on this side”), ce-dō, Ancient Greek ἐ-κε-ῖνος (e-ke-înos, “that”), Old Irish cē (“here”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma, “to this”). More at he, here.

Adjektiv hic (feminin haec, sächlich hoc); Adjektiv erster/zweiter Deklination (hic-Typ)

dies; diese (im Plural)
- Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poetārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.
  - Wenn Sie die Verse dieser beiden Dichter vernachlässigen, entgeht Ihnen ein großer Teil der Literatur.
- Hanc rem pūblicam salvam esse volumus.
  - Wir wünschen, dass diese Republik sicher ist.

Pronomen hic (feminin haec, sächlich hoc); Pronomen der ersten/zweiten Deklination (hic-Typ)

dieser hier; dieses (Ding); diese hier (im Plural); diese (Dinge); er, sie, es [Anführungszeichen ▼]
- Mitte hunc meā grātiā.
  - Lass ihn meinetwegen in Ruhe.

Im mittelalterlichen Latein wird das Pluralwort fem. hae durch eine vulgäre Form, *haeae, durch hee ersetzt.
In Kombination mit dem Interrogativklitikum -ne wird am Wortende ein i wiederhergestellt: hicine, haecine, hocine usw.

Declension / Pronunciation
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
First/second-declension adjective (hic-type).
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	hic	haec	hoc	hī	hae	haec
Genitive	huius			hōrum	hārum	hōrum
Dative	huic			hīs
Accusative	hunc	hanc	hoc	hōs	hās	haec
Ablative	hōc	hāc	hōc	hīs
(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /hik/, [hɪk](modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ik/, [ik] Note: before a vowel, the original single final [k] is often but not always doubled by Classical and later poets by analogy with hoc

Usage notes

This demonstrative adjective/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, near the speaker. It contrasts with ille (“that”), which refers to people or things far from the speaker and the listener, and iste (“this/that”), which refers to people or things near the listener.
As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function.
In Vulgar Latin, phonetic changes tended to eliminate both the initial h and final c, leaving nothing but a bare vowel. Consequently, this demonstrative gradually disappeared and was replaced with iste, which originally meant "that (near you)". (This left only a two-term system of demonstratives in comparison with Latin's three-term system, but the gap was filled in some areas by pressing ipse into service as a middle demonstrative. Spanish, for example, has este (“this”) < Latin iste, ese (“that (near you)”) < Latin ipse, and aquel (“that (far from you and me)”)< Latin eccum ille.) This process was gradual, and the neuter form hoc survived the longest (it still survives, for example, in Catalan ho). Other forms sometimes survived in compound expressions, e.g. Portuguese agora (“now”) < Latin hāc hōrā.

Etymology 2

Vom älteren heic, Adverb (Lokativ) von hic.

Adverb hīc (nicht vergleichbar)

hier, an oder an diesem Ort

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /hiːk/, [hiːk]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ik/, [ik]

[1

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