somHós

From *sem- (“(zu-)sammen, eins”). The origin of the laryngeal after the root is unclear: it may be *h₁ as in *sém-h₁ (“couple”), a fossilized dual from the root noun *sḗm, or it may be the same *h₂ as in Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós) and Proto-Celtic *samalis; compare *semh₂- (“Sommer”), sometimes thought to be related.

Alternatively, Dunkel doesn't reconstruct a laryngeal and explains the absence of lengthening in Indo-Iranian (see Brugmann's law) as influenced by *sam- (zu-)sammen).

False cognate of Proto-Austronesian *sama.

Adjective

*somHós (non-ablauting)

same, alike
Antonym: *h₂élyos
^? alone

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*somh₁ós	*somh₁éh₂
genitive	*somh₁ósyo	*somh₁éh₂s

Alternative reconstructions

*somh₂ós
*somós

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *-(i)sama
- Albanian: -shëm, -shme, -çëm, -çme
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sāmas (with lengthening)
- Proto-Slavic: *samъ (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *somos (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *samaz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *homós
- Ancient Greek: ὁμός (homós) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *samHás (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: sоmа-
- Tocharian B: sоmо-