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| cum (+ Ablativ) | | cum (+ Ablativ) |
| | === <span id="Alternative_forms_3">Alternative Wortformen</span> === |
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| # mit, zusammen mit | | *<span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:cũ#Latin|cũ]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:ꝯ#Latin|ꝯ]]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">abbreviations<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [[wikipedia:Medieval_Latin|Medieval Latin]]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [[wikipedia:Renaissance_Latin|Renaissance Latin]]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [[wikipedia:New_Latin#Height|early modern]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> |
| #* Titus cum familiā Lebensraum. - Titus lebt mit seiner Familie. | | *<span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:kom#Latin|kom]]</span>, <span lang="la" class="Latn">[[wikt:com#Latin|com]]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Old_Latin|Archaic Latin]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> |
| #* magnā cum laude – mit großem Lob
| | *<span lang="la" class="Latn">[[-cum]]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">used with pronouns</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> |
| # at (bezeichnet einen Zeitpunkt, mit dem eine Aktion zusammenfällt)
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| #* ''Mīlitēs '''cum''' prīmā lūce vēnērunt.'' - Die Soldaten kamen bei Tagesanbruch.
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| # -fold (mit Ordnungszahl) | |
| #* cum centesimo efficere – das Hundertfache ergeben | |
| Vom alat. com, vom protokursiven *kom, vom uig. *ḱóm („neben, bei, mit, entlang“). Verwandt mit uger. *ga- „co-“, protoslawischem *sъ(n) („mit“), protogermanischem *hansō. Mehr bei Hanse.
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| Der Ablativ stammt aus dem PIE comitative-instrumental.
| | === <span id="Pronunciation_5">Pronunciation</span> === |
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| | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Classical_Latin|Classical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/kum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[kʊ̃ˑ]</span> |
| | *<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[[wikipedia:Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation|modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [[wikt:Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]<sup>([[wikt:Appendix:Latin_pronunciation|key]])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/kum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[kum]</span> |
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| #
| | === <span id="Etymology_1_2">Etymologie 1</span> === |
| === <span id="Alternative_forms_3">Alternative forms</span> === | | Vom alat. [[com]], vom uital. <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom|*kom]]</em>, vom uig. *[[ḱóm]] „neben, bei, mit, entlang“. Verwandt mit uger. *[[ga-]] „[[ko-]]“, uslav. <em class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъ(n)|*sъ(n)]]</em> „mit“, ugher, <em class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hansō|*hansō]]</em>. Mehr bei [[Hanse]]. |
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| #*<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/c%C5%A9#Latin cũ]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%9D%AF#Latin ꝯ]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">abbreviations<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin Medieval Latin]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Latin Renaissance Latin]<span class="ib-comma">,</span> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latin#Height early modern]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span>
| | Der Ablativ stammt aus dem PIE comitative-instrumental. |
| #*<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kom#Latin kom]</span>, <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/com#Latin com]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Latin Archaic Latin]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span>
| | ==== <span id="Preposition_2">Praposition</span> ==== |
| #*<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-cum#Latin -cum]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">used with pronouns</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span>
| | <span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">cum</strong></span> (+ [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#ablative|ablative]]) |
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| === <span id="Pronunciation_5">Pronunciation</span> === | | #mit, zusammen mit |
| | #* <span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">Titus '''cum''' familiā habitat.</em></span> - Titus lebt mit seiner Familie. |
| | #* <span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">magnā '''cum''' laude</em></span> – mit großem Lob |
| | # at (bezeichnet einen Zeitpunkt, mit dem eine Aktion zusammenfällt) |
| | #* <span class="h-usage-example">''Mīlitēs '''cum''' prīmā lūce vēnērunt.''</span> - Die Soldaten kamen bei Tagesanbruch. |
| | # -fold (mit Ordnungszahl) |
| | #* <span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''cum''' centesimo efficere</em></span> – das Hundertfache ergeben |
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| #*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin Classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/kum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[kʊ̃ˑ]</span>
| | === <span id="Etymology_2_2">Etymologie 2</span> === |
| #*<span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation modern Italianate Ecclesiastical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA]<sup>([https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_pronunciation key])</sup>: <span class="IPA">/kum/</span>, <span class="IPA">[kum]</span>
| | Vom alat. ''[[quom]]'', von uig. *kʷóm, Akkusativ von *kʷos, *kʷis. Vergleichen Sie seine weibliche Form ''[[quam]]'' (wie in ''[[tum]]''-''[[tam]]''). |
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| === <span id="Etymology_1_2">Etymology 1</span> ===
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| <p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Latin Old Latin]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/com#Latin com]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Italic_language Proto-Italic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom *kom]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%E1%B8%B1%C3%B3m *ḱóm]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">next to, at, with, along</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Cognate with <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language Proto-Germanic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga- *ga-]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">co-</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language Proto-Slavic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/s%D1%8A(n) *sъ(n)]</em> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">with</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language Proto-Germanic]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hans%C5%8D *hansō]</em>. More at '''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hanse Hanse]'''.</p><p>The ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.</p>
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| ==== <span id="Preposition_2">Preposition</span> ====
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| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">cum</strong></span> (+ [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#ablative ablative])</p>
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| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with#English with], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/along_with#English along with]
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| ##:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">Titus '''cum''' familiā habitat.</em> ― <span class="e-translation">Titus lives '''with''' his family.</span></span>
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| ##:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">magnā '''cum''' laude</em> ― <span class="e-translation">'''with''' great praise</span></span>
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| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at#English at] <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">denoting a point in time with which an action coincides</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span>
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| ##:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">Mīlitēs '''cum''' prīmā lūce vēnērunt.</em> ― <span class="e-translation">The soldiers came '''at''' day-break.</span></span>
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| ##[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-fold#English -fold] <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">with ordinal number</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>
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| ##:<span class="h-usage-example"><em class="Latn mention e-example" lang="la">'''cum''' centesimo efficere</em> ― <span class="e-translation">to yield a hundred'''fold'''</span></span>
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| === <span id="Etymology_2_2">Etymology 2</span> ===
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| <p>From <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Latin Old Latin]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quom#Latin quom]</em>, from <span class="etyl">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language Proto-Indo-European]</span> <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k%CA%B7%C3%B3m&action=edit&redlink=1 *kʷóm]</em>, accusative of <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k%CA%B7os *kʷos]</em>, <em class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k%CA%B7is *kʷis]</em>. Compare its feminine form <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quam#Latin quam]</em> (as in <em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tum#Latin tum]</em>-<em class="Latn mention" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tam#Latin tam]</em>).</p>
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| ==== <span id="Alternative_forms_4">Alternative forms</span> ==== | | ==== <span id="Alternative_forms_4">Alternative forms</span> ==== |
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| *<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quum#Latin quum]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin#Late_and_post-classical_Latin post-classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> | | *<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quum#Latin quum]</span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin#Late_and_post-classical_Latin post-classical]</span><span class="ib-brac">)</span> |
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| ==== <span id="Conjunction_2">Conjunction</span> ==== | | ==== <span id="Conjunction_2">Konjunktion</span> ==== |
| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">cum</strong> (''followed by the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subjunctive subjunctive]'')</span></p>
| | cum (gefolgt vom Konjunktiv) |
| #when, after <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">causal<span class="ib-comma qualifier-comma">,</span> with imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> | | |
| #[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/because#English because], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/since#English since] | | # wann, nachher (kausal, mit Konjunktiv Imperfekt oder Konjunktiv Plusquamperfekt) |
| #[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/although#English although]
| | # weil, seit |
| <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">cum</strong> (''followed by the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indicative indicative]'')</span></p>
| | # obwohl |
| #when, while <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">temporal<span class="ib-comma qualifier-comma">,</span> with present indicative or perfect indicative</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> | | |
| | <span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="la">cum</strong> (''followed by the [[wikt:indicative|indicative]]'')</span> |
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| | cum (gefolgt vom Indikativ) |
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| | # wann, während (zeitlich, mit Indikativ Präsens oder Indikativ Perfekt) |
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| ===== <span id="Usage_notes_3">Usage notes</span> ===== | | ===== <span id="Usage_notes_3">Usage notes</span> ===== |
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| <p>Often coupled with <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tum#Latin tum]</span></p> | | <p>Often coupled with <span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tum#Latin tum]</span></p> |
| #Such that "tum x, cum y" = "then x, when y" | | #Such that "tum x, cum y" = "then x, when y" |
| #"cum x tum y"="not only x but also y" <span class="HQToggle">[ quotations ▼]</span> | | #"cum x tum y"="not only x but also y" |
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| ===== <span id="Coordinate_terms">Coordinate terms</span> ===== | | ===== <span id="Coordinate_terms">Coordinate terms</span> ===== |
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| *<span class="Latn" lang="la">[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tum#Latin tum]</span> | | *[[tum]] |
cum (+ Ablativ)
Pronunciation
Etymologie 1
Vom alat. com, vom uital. *kom, vom uig. *ḱóm „neben, bei, mit, entlang“. Verwandt mit uger. *ga- „ko-“, uslav. *sъ(n) „mit“, ugher, *hansō. Mehr bei Hanse.
Der Ablativ stammt aus dem PIE comitative-instrumental.
Praposition
cum (+ ablative)
- mit, zusammen mit
- Titus cum familiā habitat. - Titus lebt mit seiner Familie.
- magnā cum laude – mit großem Lob
- at (bezeichnet einen Zeitpunkt, mit dem eine Aktion zusammenfällt)
- Mīlitēs cum prīmā lūce vēnērunt. - Die Soldaten kamen bei Tagesanbruch.
- -fold (mit Ordnungszahl)
- cum centesimo efficere – das Hundertfache ergeben
Etymologie 2
Vom alat. quom, von uig. *kʷóm, Akkusativ von *kʷos, *kʷis. Vergleichen Sie seine weibliche Form quam (wie in tum-tam).
Konjunktion
cum (gefolgt vom Konjunktiv)
- wann, nachher (kausal, mit Konjunktiv Imperfekt oder Konjunktiv Plusquamperfekt)
- weil, seit
- obwohl
cum (followed by the indicative)
cum (gefolgt vom Indikativ)
- wann, während (zeitlich, mit Indikativ Präsens oder Indikativ Perfekt)
Usage notes
- In the sense of when, if there is no causal link between the verb in the dependent clause and the verb in the main clause (sometimes called an inverted cum-clause, as the 'main action' of the sentence occurs in the dependent clause), the indicative is used rather than the subjunctive.
- per viam ambulābāmus cum pugnam vīdimus. [not *vīderīmus] — "We were walking through the street when we saw a fight."
Often coupled with tum
- Such that "tum x, cum y" = "then x, when y"
- "cum x tum y"="not only x but also y"
Coordinate terms
