miser

mis--er lat. ‘elend, kläglich, bejammernswert, arm’

From Proto-Italic *misseros, of unknown origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mēwdʰ- (“to complain, be emotional about”), the same root of Latin maereō and Ancient Greek μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.ser/, [ˈmɪs̠ɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.ser/, [ˈmiːs̬er]

Audio (Roman)

Duration: 1 second.0:01

Adjective

miser (feminine misera, neuter miserum, comparative miserior, superlative miserrimus, adverb miserē or miseriter); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

1. poor, wretched, pitiful [ quotations ▼]
2. miserable, unhappy [ synonyms, antonyms ▲]

   Synonyms: maestus, trīstis, infēlīx, aeger

   Antonyms: laetus, alacer, fēlīx

3. worthless, null [ synonyms ▲]

   Synonyms: vīlis, inānis

4. tragic, unfortunate
5. sick [ synonyms, antonyms ▲]

   Synonyms: aeger, languidus, fessus

   Antonyms: sānus, salvus, validus, integer, intāctus, salūber

6. tormenting

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	miser	misera	miserum		miserī	miserae	misera
Genitive	miserī	miserae	miserī		miserōrum	miserārum	miserōrum
Dative	miserō		miserō		miserīs
Accusative	miserum	miseram	miserum		miserōs	miserās	misera
Ablative	miserō	miserā	miserō		miserīs
Vocative	miser	misera	miserum		miserī	miserae	misera